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Music 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Musical Timbre | The sound quality of a pitch, duration, and volume, timbre, instrument, register |
| Pitch duration, and volume | Tone color/timbre |
| Timbre | Certain sound quality of an instrument, size, shape, proportions, manner it is played |
| Instrument | Object or thing that creates/generates sound can be considered as an instrument |
| Register | How high or low an instrument can play |
| Voice as an instrument | Mast Natural of all instruments |
| Most natural of all instruments | Each person has a unique voice, instruments were built to mimic the human voice |
| Female voices (high to low) | Soprano, Mezzo-soprano, Contralto (alto) |
| Male Voices (high to low) | Tenor, Baritone, Bass |
| Category of musical instruments | Aerophones, chordophones, idiophones, membranophones |
| Aerophones | Produced by air, flutes, clarinets, blow into for a sound |
| Chordophones | Anything produced by a vibrating strong |
| Idiophones | Produced by the substance of the instrument itself |
| Membranophones | Produced from tightly stretched membranes |
| Western musical instruments | Strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion |
| Bowed String Instruments | Bowed and plucked, violin, viola, violoncello, double bass, the “heart of the orchestra” |
| Viola | Usually fills the harmony and or doubles a part |
| Violoncello (cello) | Closest to the human voice |
| Double bass | Lowest in register, doubles the cello |
| The “heart of the orchestra” | Legato, staccato, pizzicato, vibrato, glissando, tremolo |
| Violin | The smallest and highest in the family |
| Legato | Smooth playing |
| Staccato | Short, space in between the notes |
| Pizzicato | Pluck the strings |
| Vibrato | Vibrate the string when play |
| Glissando | Gliss or glide on the string |
| Tremolo | Playing back and forth really quickly |
| Plucked String instruments | Harp, guitar |
| Harp | One of the oldest instruments, strings are plucked, pitches are changed by means of pedals, chords played as arpeggios |
| Guitar | Middle Ages and originated in the Middle East, popular and classical music, acoustic guitars, electric guitars, mandolins, banjos |
| Woodwind instruments | Played by having air vibrate within a pipe with finger holes, flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, saxophone |
| Flute | Blown across a mouth hole |
| Oboe, Bassoon | Double reed |
| Clarinet, Saxophone | Single reed |
| Brass instruments | Played by blowing air into a mouthpiece, made of metal tubing instead, uses slide or valve to change the pitch, trumpet, French horn, trombone, tuba |
| Percussion instruments | Timpani/kettledrums, xylophone, marimba, vibraphone, glockenspiel, celesta, chimes, snare drum, tenor drum , bass drum, tom-tom, tambourine, castanets, triangle, cymbals, gong, tam-tam |
| Keyboard instruments | Piano, organ, harpsichord |
| Piano | Strings are struck with hammers, 88 keys, three pedals |
| Organ | Wind instrument, air flow through pipes, pedal keyboard played by the feet |
| Harpsichord | Used in the baroque era primarily, quills pluck its string |
| Musical ensembles | Instruments and voices can be combined, homogenous ensembles, mare varied ensembles with different instruments |
| Choral group | Choirs sing choral music, chorus, soprano, alto, tenor, bass, acapella, madrigal choir, chamber choir, Woodwind and brass quintets, quartets, chamber music, duo sonatas |
| Sacred | Religious |
| Secular | Not religious |
| Chamber music | ensemble music for groups of 2-12 players each, |
| String quartet | Two violins, one viola, one cello, quintet, sextet, septet, octet |
| Duo sonatas with piano, piano trio, quartet, quintet | Woodwind and brass too |
| Orchestra | Any performing body of diverse instruments, synonymous with symphony orchestras |
| Varied in size and makeup over the years | Grown tremendously since its origins, some pieces require at least 100 musicians, strings are at the front, woodwinds behind the strings, brass and percussion are in the back |
| Concert, jazz, and rock bands | Band, concert band, marching band, jazz band, rock band |
| Band | Generic name |
| Concert band | Wind ensemble |
| Jazz band | Instrumentation may vary |
| Role of conductor | Leads the group, more important role is to interpret the music, concertmaster and section principals |
| Conductor leads the group | Beat the time in standard metric patterns in right hand, help performers keep the tempo with a baton |
| More important role is to interpret the music | All of the work happens during rehearsals |
| Concertmaster and section principals | Uniformity in the interpretation of the music |
| Musical Styles | Music is intertwined with the lives and beliefs of its people, genre, Opus number |
| Music is intertwined with the lives and beliefs of its people | Glimpse to understand society and people better |
| Genre | Sacred music, secular music, symphony (implies the medium), pop, rock, jazz, country, rap/hip-hop, Latin, etc., oral transmission |
| Opus number | Used to identify classical works: Op.1 |
| Concept of style | Characteristic way an artwork, is presented, style is made up of pitch, time, timbre, and expression, music from other cultures may sound foreign, composes/artists emphasize certain elements more than others |
| Characteristic way an artwork is presented | Composer’s/artists personal manner of expression, different painters, writers, and popular artists |
| Music from other cultures may sound foreign | Other cultures utilize different musical systems |
| Composers | Rhythm, melody, harmony |
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