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Civics ch 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| "What three major English influences shaped early American government | Local government legislative government limited government |
| "What did Anne Bradstreets poetry show about colonial culture | Strong English cultural influence |
| "What English terms still show local government influence today | Grand jury sheriff bailiff township county |
| "What was the first representative assembly in the New World | The House of Burgesses in 1619 |
| "What did colonial legislatures encourage among colonists | Representation political participation and self government |
| "What principle of English government was already centuries old | Limited government |
| "What event increased tension between Britain and the colonies | The French and Indian War |
| "What problem did King George III have as a ruler | He lacked political wisdom |
| "What was the purpose of the Stamp Act | To raise revenue from the colonies |
| "What did the Quartering Act require | Colonists had to provide food and housing for British soldiers |
| "What happened during the Boston Massacre | British soldiers fired into a mob killing five colonists |
| "What was the Boston Tea Party | Patriots dumped tea into Boston Harbor to protest a monopoly |
| "What were the Coercive Acts | Punishments for Massachusetts including closing Boston Harbor |
| "What was the First Continental Congress created to do | Respond to British actions and assert colonial rights |
| "What did the Declaration of Rights claim | Colonists were entitled to free and exclusive powers of legislation |
| "What battles occurred before the Second Continental Congress met | Lexington and Concord |
| "What were Loyalists afraid independence would cause | Mob rule and tyranny |
| "What did the Second Continental Congress need to organize | A military emergency and a formal declaration of independence |
| "Who led the Continental Army | George Washington |
| "What was the Committee of Five formed to do | Draft the Declaration of Independence |
| "Who wrote the draft of the Declaration of Independence | Thomas Jefferson |
| "What Enlightenment ideas influenced Jefferson | Equality unalienable rights and consent of the governed |
| "What are the three unalienable rights listed in the Declaration | Life liberty and the pursuit of happiness |
| "What is the social contract theory | Government is a contract between rulers and the ruled |
| "What is the right to revolution | People may replace a government that fails to protect natural rights |
| "What happened to the Declaration during the War of 1812 | It was saved and stored overnight in a barn |
| "What protects the Declaration today | A bombproof vault with controlled temperature and humidity |
| "How did colonists view themselves before independence | As British citizens |
| "What role did local elected representatives play in colonial government | They passed tax laws and used tax money locally |
| "What did Parliament do to colonial charters | Revoked them to install royal governments |
| "What was the Power of the Purse | Control of finances by elected colonial legislatures |
| "Who declared taxation without representation in 1765 | Patrick Henry |
| "What actions did colonists take against tax collectors | Boycotts and burning effigies organized by the Sons of Liberty |
| "Who led the Sons of Liberty | Sam Adams |
| "What did the Quartering Act require | Colonists to house and feed British soldiers |
| "What were Writs of Assistance | General search warrants used by British officials |
| "What did the Declaratory Act and Townsend Acts do | Asserted British authority and imposed new taxes in 1767 |
| "What was the Tea Act | A law giving Britain a monopoly on tea trade |
| "What was the Boston Tea Party | Colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor in protest |
| "What were Committees of Correspondence | Colonial groups formed to coordinate resistance |
| "What were the Coercive Acts also called | The Intolerable Acts |
| "What was the First Continental Congress | A meeting in 1774 of representatives from all colonies except Georgia |
| "What was the Second Continental Congress | A meeting in 1775 after fighting had already begun |
| "Where were the first shots of the Revolution fired | Lexington and Concord |
| "Who proposed independence on June 6 1776 | Richard Henry Lee |
| "What were Writs of Assistance | General search warrants used by British officials |
| "What was the purpose of the Sugar Act of 1764 | To raise revenue to pay for defending the colonies after the French and Indian War |
| "Why did colonists view the Sugar Act as tyranny | Because local assemblies believed they alone had the right to tax |
| "What was the purpose of the Stamp Act | To raise revenue through required stamps on legal documents and printed materials |
| "What was the colonial reaction to the Stamp Act | Stamp Act Congress denounced it and public protests erupted |
| "What did Britain do in response to colonial protests over the Stamp Act | They repealed the Stamp Act |
| "What was the purpose of the Quartering Act of 1765 | To provide British troops with food and shelter |
| "How did colonists view the Quartering Act | As unlawful military occupation |
| "What was the Declaratory Act | A law asserting Parliament had full authority over the colonies |
| "What was the purpose of the Tea Act of 1773 | To increase revenue for the British East India Company and reduce Dutch competition |
| "What was the colonial reaction to the Tea Act | Outrage over monopoly leading to the Boston Tea Party |
| "What did Britain believe was needed after colonial resistance to the Tea Act | Stronger measures to enforce submission |
| "What were the Intolerable Acts | Punitive laws passed to control the colonies especially Massachusetts |
| "What was the colonial reaction to the Intolerable Acts | First Continental Congress Declaration of Rights and Grievances and the Continental Association |
| "What was the purpose of the Quebec Act | To establish governance of Quebec |
| "Why did colonists oppose the Quebec Act | They saw it as encroaching on land belonging to the colonies |
| "What Enlightenment ideas influenced Jeffersons writing | Reason equality and natural rights |
| "What phrase in the Declaration states human equality | All humans are created equal |
| "What unalienable rights does the Declaration list | Life liberty and the pursuit of happiness |
| "What is the purpose of government according to the Declaration | To secure natural rights |
| "What may people do if government becomes destructive of these ends | Abolish and replace it |
| "When did Congress approve the Declaration of Independence | July 2 1776 |
| "When was the final draft of the Declaration completed | July 4 1776 |
| "Who was the first person to sign the Declaration | John Hancock |
| "What did the Second Continental Congress establish after independence | A central government under the Articles of Confederation |
| "What was required to adopt the Articles of Confederation | Unanimous approval of the states known as ratification |
| "What type of legislature did the Articles create | A unicameral one house legislature |
| "What branches did the Articles of Confederation lack | No executive branch and no judiciary |
| "Why was the national government under the Articles weak | It could not enforce its own policies |
| "Who supported the Articles of Confederation | Advocates of states rights like Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson |
| "How many states initially ratified the Articles | Eleven |
| "When did Maryland finally ratify the Articles | In 1781 |
| "What dispute led to the Mount Vernon meeting in 1785 | Navigation rights between Virginia and Maryland |
| "Who invited representatives to Mount Vernon | George Washington |
| "What was the result of the Mount Vernon meeting | It was friendly and productive and encouraged further conventions |
| "What happened at the Annapolis Convention in 1786 | Only five states attended but delegates agreed to meet again in Philadelphia |
| "Who proposed sending delegates to Philadelphia to strengthen the Federal Government | Alexander Hamilton |
| "What event in Massachusetts highlighted the weakness of the Confederation | Shays Rebellion |
| "Who led Shays Rebellion | Daniel Shays |
| "What was the outcome of Shays Rebellion | Little bloodshed but it reinforced the need for reform |
| "What did Alexander Hamilton say in 1781 about the republic | The republic is sick and wants powerful remedies |
| "When did the Constitutional Convention begin | 1787 |
| "Who was elected to head the Constitutional Convention | George Washington |
| "Who took the most detailed notes at the Constitutional Convention | James Madison |
| "What did delegates decide to do with the Articles of Confederation | Scrap them completely |
| "What three branches did the new government include | Legislative judicial and executive |
| "What two procedural rules were adopted at the Philadelphia Convention | Keep activities secret and organize a committee of the whole |
| "What three major issues required compromise at the Convention | Representation slavery and commerce |
| "What was the Virginia Plan | A bicameral legislature based on population |
| "What was the New Jersey Plan | A unicameral legislature with equal representation |
| "What was the Connecticut Compromise | A bicameral legislature with House based on population and Senate equal representation |
| "What was the Three Fifths Compromise | Three fifths of slaves counted for representation |
| "What did the Three Fifths Compromise accomplish | It postponed but did not solve the issue of slavery |
| "What power did Congress gain over commerce | Regulate interstate and foreign commerce |
| "What restrictions were placed on Congress regarding commerce | No interference with slave trade for 20 years and no export taxes |
| "Why did American leaders believe change was needed after the Revolution | The national government under the Articles was too weak |
| "What dispute led to the Mount Vernon meeting in 1785 | Navigation rights between Virginia and Maryland |
| "Who hosted the Mount Vernon meeting | George Washington |
| "What was the result of the Mount Vernon meeting | It encouraged further interstate cooperation |
| "What was the main issue with the Annapolis Convention | Only five states attended |
| "Who proposed a new convention in Philadelphia to strengthen the Union | Alexander Hamilton |
| "What economic problems plagued the postwar period | Depression and wartime debt |
| "What uprising showed the weakness of the Confederation | Shays Rebellion |
| "Who led Shays Rebellion | Daniel Shays |
| "What did Shays Rebellion demonstrate | The need for a stronger national government |
| "When did the Constitutional Convention begin | 1787 |
| "What was the original name of the Constitutional Convention | The Philadelphia Convention |
| "Who was elected to preside over the Constitutional Convention | George Washington |
| "Who took the most detailed notes at the Convention | James Madison |
| "What two procedural rules were adopted at the Convention | Secrecy and a committee of the whole |
| "What did delegates decide to do with the Articles of Confederation | Scrap them entirely |
| "What three branches did the new government include | Legislative judicial and executive |
| "What three major issues required compromise at the Convention | Representation slavery and commerce |
| "What was the Virginia Plan | A bicameral legislature based on population |
| "What was the New Jersey Plan | A unicameral legislature with equal representation |
| "What was the Connecticut Compromise | A bicameral legislature with House based on population and Senate equal representation |
| "What was the Three Fifths Compromise | Three fifths of slaves counted for representation |
| "What did the Three Fifths Compromise accomplish | Postponed but did not solve slavery |
| "What power did Congress gain over commerce | Regulate interstate and foreign commerce |
| "What restrictions were placed on Congress regarding commerce | No interference with slave trade for 20 years and no export taxes |
| "What was the Electoral College created to do | Elect the president |
| "What treaty power was given to the president | Make treaties with approval of Congress |
| "When was the Constitution completed | September 17 1787 |
| "Why did some delegates refuse to sign the Constitution | It lacked a bill of rights |
| "Who objected strongly to the lack of a bill of rights | George Mason of Virginia |
| "What was required for ratification of the Constitution | Approval by at least nine states |
| "What were supporters of the Constitution called | Federalists |
| "What were opponents of the Constitution called | Anti Federalists |
| "What newspaper first published the Constitution to calm speculation | The Philadelphia Packet |
| "What simple question defined the ratification debate | Whether the Union shall be continued |
| "What pseudonym did Anti Federalist George Clinton use | Cato |
| "What pseudonym did Hamilton use for the Federalist Papers | Publius |
| "Who wrote the Federalist Papers | Alexander Hamilton James Madison and John Jay |
| "What state was the first to unanimously ratify the Constitution | Delaware |
| "Why was New Yorks ratification crucial | Without New York New England might not join the Union |
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