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Stack #4705637
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | study of body structure |
| Physiology | study of body function |
| Genetics | study of heredity |
| Ecology | interactions between organisms and the environment |
| Microbiology | study of microscopic organisms |
| Living things are made of cells | Cells are the building blocks of life |
| Living things use energy | organisms require a constant input of power—derived from sunlight or food—to fuel the chemical reactions necessary to stay alive, grow, repair damage, and move |
| Living things respond to stimuli | organisms detect and react to changes in their internal or external environment |
| Living things grow and develop | Change form over time |
| Living things maintain homeostasis | Keep an internal stable environment Shivering when cold Getting a fever |
| Living things reproduce | Happens through sexual and asexual reproduction |
| Living things have an evolutionary history | Adapted or descended from common ancestors |
| Who made the cell theory? | Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow |
| What is the cell theory? | All organisms are made of cells. Cells are the basic unit of life. All cells come from preexisting cells |
| Metabolism | all chemical reactions in the body |
| Anabolism | builds molecules |
| Catabolism | breaks down molecules. Digestion, cellular respiration |
| ATP | the usable energy source of cells |
| Homeostasis | maintains stable internal conditions. Examples include body temperature and blood glucose regulation |
| Negative feedback | reverses changes to maintain balance. Example: sweating cools the body when temperature rises |
| Positive feedback | amplifies a response. Examples: childbirth contractions and blood clotting. |
| Natural Selection | the fundamental process of evolution where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring Example: Galapagos finches adapting beak shapes |
| Adaptation | the evolutionary process where a population becomes better suited to its habitat over generations through natural selection Example: thick fur on polar bears |
| Bacteria domain | formerly Eubacteria kingdom, includes common bacteria |
| Archaea domain | formerly Archaebacteria kingdom, includes ancient microorganisms |
| Eukarya domain | includes plants, animals, fungi, and protists |
| What is a Kingdom and when was it discovered? | A kingdom is a high-level taxonomic category in biology and it groups organisms that share fundamental traits. It was discovered in 1735 |
| Kingdom Plantae | -includes all multicellular plants -Plants are autotrophs, meaning they make their own food through photosynthesis -They have cell walls made of cellulose, which provides structure and support |
| Kingdom Animalia | -includes all multicellular animals -Animals are heterotrophs; they consume other organisms for energy -They lack cell walls, allowing for diverse movement and body structures |
| Protista Kingdom | -included all single-celled organisms not fitting into plants or animals -This was the first major expansion beyond Linnaeus’s two kingdoms -discovered in 1866 |
| Bacteria Kingdom | -discovered in early 1900's -Bacteria lack a nucleus; their DNA floats in the cytoplasm |
| Fungi Kingdom | -discovered in 1956 -familiar molds and mushrooms that help decompose dead organisms. Some fungi are parasites of plants and animals -are heterotrophs, meaning they obtain food from outside themselves -Common fungi are yeast, mold, and mushrooms |
| Prokaryotic | a single-celled organism that does not have a distinct nucleus or other membrane-bound internal parts |
| Eukaryotic | a complex type of cell that has a true, membrane-bound nucleus and specialized, membrane-bound parts called organelles |
| Scientific Method | A list of steps that help study the natural world |
| Hypothesis | is a testable explanation or prediction based on observations |
| Independent Variable | is the factor you change or manipulate in an experiment |
| Dependent Variable | is the factor you measure or observe as a response |
| Constant Variable | any factor that is intentionally kept the same throughout a scientific experiment |
| Experimental Variable | the factor you manipulate to observe its effect |
| Control group | a group where the experimental variable is not changed, serving as a standard |
| Inductive reasoning | helps combine specific observations into a broader hypothesis |
| Deductive reasoning | predicts what should happen if the hypothesis is true |
| Peer review | Reviewing with a peer to ensure the research is valid, reliable, and free from errors |
| Scientific Bias | -The objective facts -The data you record -What you believe |
| Why is experimental design important? | -minimizes errors and increases reliability -Helps ensure results are due to the experimental variable, not other factors |
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