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Bio test 0 study

QuestionAnswer
What are the 3 parts of cell theory? 1. Living things are made of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of life 3. Cells come from preexisting cells
What are the 3 domains of life? Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Which domains are prokaryotic? Bacteria + Archaea
Which domain is eukaryotic? Eukarya
What do prokaryotes lack? Nucleus + membrane-bound organelles
What do eukaryotes have? Nucleus + membrane-bound organelles
What do BOTH prokaryotes and eukaryotes have? Ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm + DNA
Where is prokaryotic DNA located? Nucleoid region
What does “structure follows function” mean? A cell’s shape helps it perform its job
Why are red blood cells flattened? More surface area for gas exchange + fit through vessels
What does the nucleus do? Stores DNA + synthesizes RNA
What does the rough ER do? Protein synthesis
What does the smooth ER do? Lipid synthesis + detoxification
What does the Golgi apparatus do? Modifies, sorts + packages proteins
What do lysosomes do? Break down + recycle materials
What do vesicles do? Transport materials
What is the protein synthesis/transport pathway? DNA → RNA → Rough ER → Golgi → Vesicle
A cell makes lots of digestive enzymes. What organelle would it have a lot of? Rough ER
A macrophage destroys bacteria. What organelle would it have a lot of? Lysosomes
A liver cell performs lots of detoxification. What organelle would it have a lot of? Smooth ER
What is the main function of mitochondria? Converts food-> atp
What is ATP? Usable cellular energy
What are cristae? Folds of mitochondria’s inner membrane
What is the matrix? Interior of mitochondria
What is the main function of chloroplasts? Convert sunlight → usable energy/carbohydrates
What are thylakoids? Internal membrane structures in chloroplasts
What is the stroma? Fluid interior of chloroplast
Matrix vs. stroma? Matrix = mitochondria Stroma = chloroplast
What does endosymbiotic theory explain? Origin of mitochondria + chloroplasts from engulfed bacteria
Engulfed bacteria eventually became what? Mitochondria
Engulfed cyanobacteria eventually became what? Chloroplasts
Where is DNA found in animal cells? nucleus + mitochondria
Where is DNA found in plant cells? Nucleus + mitochondria + chloroplasts
A cell needs LOTS of energy. What organelle should it have many of? Mitochondria
Proton charge + location? Positive (+), nucleus
Neutron charge + location? Neutral (0), nucleus
Electron charge + location? Negative (−), outside nucleus
What are valence electrons? Outermost electrons involved in bonding
How many valence electrons does carbon have? 4
What happens in a covalent bond? Electrons are SHARED
What happens in an ionic bond? Electrons are TRANSFERRED
What is a nonpolar covalent bond? Equal electron sharing
What is a polar covalent bond? Unequal electron sharing
What is electronegativity? An atom’s ability to attract electrons
What happens when electronegativity difference increases? Bond becomes more polar
In water, which atom is partially negative? Oxygen (δ−)
In water, which atom is partially positive?
Created by: cootiefartballs
 

 



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