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A and p part 2

tissues

QuestionAnswer
What is a tissue? A group of cells similar in structure that perform a common or related function.
What are the four tissue types? Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
What is the function of a tight junction? Seals neighboring cells and helps prevent passage/leakage between cells.
What is the function of an adherens junction? Helps neighboring cells stick together; associated with microfilaments and cadherins.
What is the function of a desmosome? Provides strong cell-to-cell attachment and helps resist mechanical stress.
What is the function of a hemidesmosome? Anchors epithelial cells to the basement membrane.
What is the function of a gap junction? Allows direct communication and movement of small molecules and ions between neighboring cells.
What does the apical surface of epithelial tissue face? The body surface, a cavity, or a duct/lumen.
What does the basal surface attach to The basement membrane.
What is the basement membrane? It attaches epithelium and separates it from underlying connective tissue.
Is epithelial tissue vascular or avascular? Avascular—it receives nutrients and oxygen by diffusion.
How are epithelial tissues named? The first term describes the number of layers; the second term describes cell shape.
Simple One layer.
Pseudostratified One layer that appears multilayered.
Stratified Two or more layers.
Squamous Flat/thin.
Cuboidal About as tall as wide.
Columnar Taller than wide.
Transitional Surface cells change shape with stretching.
Simple squamous — locations & function? Alveoli, blood vessels, serous membranes; diffusion and filtration.
Stratified squamous — locations & function? Skin, mouth, esophagus; protection.
Simple columnar — locations & functions? Stomach, intestines, uterus, uterine tubes, parts of respiratory tract; absorption, secretion, and mucus transport.
Simple cuboidal — locations & functions? Kidney tubules, small gland ducts, surface of ovaries; secretion and absorption.
What is an endocrine gland? A ductless gland that releases hormones into the bloodstream.
What is an exocrine gland? A gland that uses ducts to release secretions onto a surface or into a cavity/lumen.
What is an example of a unicellular exocrine gland? Goblet cell.
Simple vs. compound glands? Look at the duct: simple = unbranched; compound = branched.
Tubular vs. acinar glands? Look at the secretory portion: tubular = tube-shaped; acinar = rounded.
Merocrine secretion Exocytosis.
Apocrine secretion The apical portion of the cell pinches off.
Holocrine secretion The cell accumulates its product, dies, ruptures, and is replaced.
What are the three loose connective tissues? Areolar, adipose, and reticular.
What are the three dense connective tissues? Dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic.
What do collagen fibers do? Provide strength and resist pulling.
What do elastic fibers do? Stretch and recoil.
What do reticular fibers do? Form a fine supporting network.
What are the three types of cartilage? Hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic.
What cells are found in cartilage and where are they located? Chondrocytes located in lacunae.
Is cartilage vascular? No. Cartilage is avascular.
What are the four types of membranes? Mucous, serous, cutaneous, and synovial.
What do synovial membranes line? Freely movable joints.
What do synovial membranes secrete? Synovial fluid.
What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle? Striated and voluntary.
What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle? Striated, involuntary, and has intercalated discs.
What are the characteristics of smooth muscle? Non-striated, involuntary, and spindle-shaped.
Created by: user-2052035
 

 



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