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Year 11 Materials
Year 11 Vocabulary for Properties and Structure of Materials
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Metallic Bonding | A 3D lattice of positive metal ions surrounded by a "sea" of delocalised electrons. Held together by strong non-directional metallic bonds. |
| Alloy | A mixture of a metal with other elements that disrupt the regular lattice structure by being atoms of differing sizes, to make it harder. |
| Ionic Solid | A 3D lattice of alternating positive cations and negative anions held together by strong electrostatic forces. |
| Molecular Substance | Neutral molecules held together by weak intermolecular forces, with strong covalent bonds inside the molecules. |
| 3D Covalent Network | A giant 3D lattice where atoms are covalently bonded in a continuous network e.g. diamond |
| Polymer | A large macromolecule formed by joining many smaller repeating units (monomers) together. |
| Monomer | A small, single molecule that can react and bind with other similar molecules to form a long repeating chain called a monomer. |
| 2D Covalent Network | Atoms covalently bonded into flat two dimensional layers, with weak intermolecular forces holding the layers together e.g. graphite |
| Density | A measure of how tightly packed particles are within a given volume. |
| Malleability | The ability to be hammered, shaped or bent without breaking, because layers of particles can slide past each other. |
| Brittleness | The tendency to fracture under stress, caused by like-charges repelling when layers shift e.g. ionic lattices. |
| Melting/Boiling Point | The temperature at which a substance changes state, determined by the strength of the bonds holding the particles together. |
| Solubility | The ability of solute to dissolve in a solvent, because the attractive forces between solvent and solute particles and strong enough to overcome the forces holding the solute particles together. |
| Ductility | The ability of a material to be drawn out into a thin wire without breaking because the non-directional metallic bonds allow metal atoms to slide over each other without breaking the structure. |
| Electrical Conductivity | The ability to conduct electricity, which requires charged particles (electrons or ions) that are free to move. |
| Thermal Conductivity | The ability of a material to transfer heat energy, because mobile particles (like delocalised electrons in metals) can move quickly through the structure, colliding with other particles and transferring kinetic energy. |
| Particles | The fundamental components of matter, including atoms, molecules, ions, or electrons. |
| Covalent Bond | A strong chemical bond formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms. |
| Intermolecular Forces | The weak forces of attraction present between discrete molecules. |
| Crystal Lattice | A symmetrical, three-dimensional arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules inside a crystalline solid. |
| Graphite | 2D covalent network solid containing layers of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in the layer is joined to 3 carbon atoms. The 4th electron is delocalised between the layers. The layers have weak intermolecular forces between them. |
Created by:
CMontaperto
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