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U1, Period ?, Ch. 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Time period of the events within this set | 1689-1754 |
| Libel Case Causes | -William Cosby became royal governor & removed Chief Justice Lewis Morris after he ruled against him -Morris's supporters began New York Weekly Journal -Zenger printed the paper & Cosby accused him of seditious libel (publishing rebellious insults) |
| Libel Case events | -(1735) case against John Peter Zenger -Cosby ordered Zenger arrested -Zenger spent 8 month in jail -Zenger's layer argued that truth shouldn't be a defense against libel -judge instructed jury against him but the jury found him NOT guilty |
| Libel Case effects | -FREEDOM OF PRESS -colonial unity (diff. colonies has similar prob. w/ brit gov) -encourage colonists to believe they can criticize gov -as colonies matured, began distrusting Brit rule (corrupt Brit governor attempts silence critisizm) |
| Glorious Revolution Causes | -James II tried to increase Catholic influence in England & challenged parliment by claiming he could suspend laws himself -feared he was making an absolute monarchy & england would become catholic |
| Glorious Revolution Events | -1689 |
| Glorious Revolution Effect on England | -parliament had William & Marry (who ruled within the confines of constitutional law) replace James II -absolute --> limited monarchy -greater demand for more rights in England & colonies (realized that even a king had to respect their rights) |
| John Locke | -supporter of the Glorious Revolution -argued people would support or reject gov depending on if these gov protected their rights |
| limited monarchy | the government's power should be limited by law |
| Glorious Revolution Effect on Colonies | -colonists arrested governor of Dominion of New England -liberty of conscience: Massachusetts (puritans ended religious restriction) -Catholics in New & old legally restricted -Protestant takeover in Maryland (Catholics couldn't hold public office) |
| Dominion of New England | -1686-1689 -colony wide-gov created by James I putting many colonies under 1 royal administration -less colonial control of laws -royal council instead of colonial assemblies (elected groups to make laws & taxes) -enforced Navigation Acts |
| Sir Edmund Andros | Appointed by James II to govern Domain of New England -after Andros was arrested, the dominion dissolved & colonists regained separate gov & self-gov |
| navigation Acts | -1660s -only British trade would find its way to the colonies and American goods would only be sent to England |
| Liberty of conscience | freedom to follow your own religious beliefs without being forced to follow a specific religion |
| Slavery in the 1600s | -dominant institution in the South -children with white fathers & African mothers were slaves -however, small % of slave trade was in North American British colonies, most were in the Caribbean & South America -torture, floggings, death |
| Middle Passage | -voyage across the Atlantic that transported enslaved Africans to the Americans as part of the triangular trade |
| Natural rights | |
| Divine Right of Kings | |
| Jacob Leisler | |
| Stono Rebellion causes | -slaves endured brutal conditions & forced labor -some wanted to reach Spanish Florida (Spain offered freedom to enslaved people who escaped from British Colonies & converted to Catholicism) |
| Stono Rebellion event | -South Carolina rose up in attempts to reach Spanish Florida -slaves seized weapons & rebelled near the Stono Rv -colonial militia suppressed rebellion -1739 |
| Stono Rebellion effects | -South Carolina passed stricter slave laws (slave codes) -Colonists increased restrictions on slaves' movement, assembly, education, etc -increased slaves owners' constant fear of rebellion |
| Triangular Trade VS Colombian Exchange VS Atlantic Slave Trade | |
| As the colonies grew in wealth from cash crops, fur trading, and trade with England, what problems arose? | -poor farmers & laborers has less wealth than landowners creating class tensions -more wealth = more people moving into colonies = conflict with natives over land & more diverse religions = more religious instability |
| Salem Witch Trials causes | 1. religion: Puritans believed in witchcraft, Satan, etc 2. Social tension: jealousy of the poor towards the prosperous 3. Fear: wars/attacks from natives 4. Role of women in New England society (any who challenged strict social norms were accused) |
| Salem Witch Trials events | -1692 -20 people executed -Massachusetts Bay Colony -girls w/ strange symptoms were taken to a special court -Massachusetts colonial leaders ended executions for religious purposes in North America |
| Salem Witch Trials effects | -distrust of courts and religious authorities -division -demonstrated the instability beneath colonial prosperity |
| Role of Women in the late 1600s to early 1700s | -most colonists in rural farms, so women didn't socialize much & stayed @ home -talk about medical care & child-rearing -women in cities socialized more -husbands traveling = more responsibility for women - formal power < practical responsibility |
| What type of work did women do in the late 1600s to early 1700s | -household work, farms, clothing, food ,help w/ family businesses -domestic servants |
| population explosion | -after 1700 -high birth rates, immigration from Europe, growth of the colonial economy -most colonists still lived in farms or small towns -cities grew (Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Charleston) |
| Growth of urbanized cities (trade) | Boston (largest until 1770s when Philadelphia was 1st), Philadelphia, New York & Charleston -near harbors or rivers = export tobacco, Rice, indigo, lumber to England & Caribbeans; import manufactured goods = merchants & plantation owners wealthy |
| Growth of urbanized cities (non-economic effects) | -spread of ideas between different religions, cultures etc -introduction of smallpox inoculation (smallpox was a major problem in the colonies) |
| British West Indies | -major colonial cities sent grain, fish, livestock, lumber, and naval supplies -Caribbean island controlled by Britain during the colonial period -produced sugar (but also sent molasses, rum, tropical crops to mainland) |
| mercantalism | draw raw materials from the colonies and establish colonial markets for English manufactured goods -implemented through the Navigation Acts -created the triangular trade -resentment towards Britain cause prevented them from becoming more wealthy |
| Triangular Trade causes | -mercantilism: colonies could only trade w/ England where there was a large demand for plantation products -plantations need large labor forces- Atlantic slave trade |
| Triangular trade effects | - trade didn't favor colonies = loopholes to generate colonial wealth -increased slavery -colonial cities grew -information exchanged cause colonies became international center pt of ideas -common interests among the colonists developed |
| Triangular trade events | -British colonies, England, & Africa -African slaves to the West Indies & North America in exchange for rum (made of sugar) from West Indies -British manufactured goods to Africa, West Indies, & North Amer -raw materials from North Amer. to Britian |
| Cotton Mather | |
| Cotton Mather | |
| Cotton Mather | |
| Capitalism | |
| Capitalism | |
| Capitalism | |
| Hierarchy in the colonies in the 1700s causes & effects | -colonial economic success caused wealth to concentrate among elites -deference developed: lower-class expected to show respect & obedience to gentleman class - |
| describe the hierarchy in the colonies in the 1700s | gentleman class (landowners, merchants, political leaders) mechanics (artisans, tradespeople- people who worked for a living) & small farmers Servants & enslaved people |
| How did deference in the colonies weaken? | -around 1720, the colonies' economies grew & mechanics/working people became wealthier = growing middle class -middle class became critics of the system of deference, questioned social/political dominance of gentlemen -system became less rigid |
| Age of Enlightenment causes | |
| Age of Enlightenment effects | |
| Age of Enlightenment events | |
| Great Awakening causes | -Protestantism became more diverse -the enlightenment encouraged people to use reason instead of relying on religious authority |
| Great Awakening events | -1730-1740 -started in Massachusetts -series of religious revivals that encouraged people to become more emotionally and personally involved with God -personal relationship with God -huge outdoor crowds |
| Great Awakening effects | -increased church membership -questioned religious authorities & chose their own churches -less emphasis on religious rituals -increased competition among denominations = Princeton, Dartmouth, Yale (each wanted spread their beliefs) |
| Jonathan Edwards | -preached that people needed a personal relationship with God -sparked the Great Awakening -personal relationship with God - Massachusetts preacher -sin, judgement & need for personal conversion experience (not inheriting religion) |
| George Whitefield | -turned the Great Awakening into a colonial wide movement -came from England & traveled from colony to colony -dramatic preaching about personal conversion |
| King William's War | -Britain & France -1689-1697 -competing for territory & influence in North America -French & natives attacked English settlements in New England & northern New York -little territorial change -Iroquois allied w/ British |
| Queen Anne's War | -Britain & France -competed for north american territory & trade -New England & the south -Britain gained land from France under the treaty of Utrecht -Iroquois allied w/ British |
| Rivalry between France and England | -1689 to 1815 -The English feared their colonies would be encircled by the french -French has stronger allies with Indians -European rivalries affected the colonies & natives like the Iroquois were entangled |
| Native resistance in Canada | -the Iroquois tried to push back against French influence in Canada |
| Native resistance in the Carolinas | The Tuscaroras & creeks resisted white settlement -the English allied with the Cherokees who depended on British goods through trade |
| War of Jenkin's Ear | English dominate Spain in the Atlantic & Caribbean in 1739 |
| King George's War | -England & France |
| French & Indian war events | -1754 -1763 -fought over control of North America (especially the Ohio River Valley) -Washington attacked french at Jumonville Glen & built Fort Necessity, French defeated him & he surrendered |
| French & Indian war causes | -wanted to expand empires in North America -both claimed Ohio River Valley; British wanted to move west & France built forts to protect territory -Britain allied w/ Iroquois & French had other allies |
| French & Indian war effects | British won @ Quebec & recieved French Canada & Florida -relationship between colonies & mother weakened -Treaty of Paris ends war -Britain becomes dominant NA power - war is expensive = Britain wants colonies pay (Sugar, Stamp act, Townshend Act) |
| What specific event sparked the French & Indian war | -Virginia sent George Washington to challenge French & fighting broke out |
| Seven Years War | global war between major European powers -fought in NA, Europe, the Caribbean, Africa, and India -Britain allied w/ Prussia (german) -France allied w/ Austria, Russia & others -French & Indian war is part of this - competition for influence |
| What effect did the wars of the 1700s have on the British colonies | -unifying -sense of independence -rise of colonial militias & strengthening of independent colonial governments |
| Benjamin Franklin | -drafted the Albany plan (British colonies to work tg for defense during French & Indian war) -wanted colonies to have a unified gov for common concerns - both the colonies (wanted more individual control) & England rejected it (too independent) - |
Created by:
Blessed Rectangle 11