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psychology 2.0
conditioning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is NS and give example | Neutral stimulus, bell |
| what is ucs and give example | unconditioned stimulus. food in mouth |
| what is ucr and give example | unconditioned response, salivating from food |
| what is CS and give example | conditioned stimulus, bell once learned |
| what is CR and give example | conditioned response, salivating at bell alone |
| What is the Acquisition phase | pairs ucs with CS Acquire a CR. pair food with bell Acquire salivation. |
| Performance phase | salivating to the bell alone without food present. performing the act |
| Contiguity | Time between UCS-CS Pairing. time between food and bell |
| Contingency | predictability of occurrence. sound should be consistent and not changed |
| stimulus Generalization | when the dog also salivates to a horn even though the bell was used. (horn sounds similar) |
| Stimulus discrimination | only salivates to the bell original CS |
| Extinction | when there is a loss in strength of the CR (salivation) when the food is with held |
| Spontaneous Recovery | when the act of salivating to the bell is gone but comes back again after some time |
| Preparedness | when CR is learned more rapidly. relates to fight or flight response. |
| what is systematic desensitization | modify learned behaviour by following three steps. relaxation techniques learned, hierarchy, pair step 1-2 |
| CBT (cognitive behavior therapy advantage and disadvantage | teaches people to manage or change thoughts, A-higher success rate. D- expensive. |
| operant conditioning ? | strength of behavior is modified by consequences followed by behavior |
| difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning | CC- involuntary behavior reflex and OC- voluntary behavior |
| reinforcer | action that strengthens likelihood of behavior occurring again |
| punisher | action that weakens likelihood of a behavior occurring again |
| positive reinforcement | pleasant action added after behavior, dog treat for a trick |
| negative reinforcement | unpleasant action after behavior. electric shock was turned off after correct behavior was issued. |
| aversive punishment | speeding fine |
| response cost | license taken away after speeding |
| advantage of reinforcement | teaches correct behaviour, feel loved, develop self esteem |
| disadvantage of punishment | agression feelings, fear of authority, no guide or teach |
| contiguity (OP) | Time, reinforce or punish right away |
| contingency (OP) | consistency, different impact for different people |
| shaping (OP) | small steps to bigger goal |
| preparednedss(OP) | biological behavior |
| Acquisition and performance (OP) | acquiring new bahavior, doing behaviour without reward. |
| what is observational learning? | type of learning that happens indirectly through a process of watching others and then imitating their behavior, also known as modeling. |
| what does ARRM stand for | attention, retention, reproduction, motivation |
| attention stand for | for learning to occur observer must pay attention |
| retention stand for | observer codes behavior information in long term memory |
| reproduction stand for | observer must be able to reproduce modeled behavior |
| motivation stand for | observer expects positive reinforcement for modeled behavior |
| gender of model impact | observer tends to reproduce same behavior from sex model |
| social status model | higher social status, more behavior will be reproduced |
| relationship between model and observer | closer the relationship, the more the observer wants to impress the model and receive positive reinforcement |
| consequences after models bahavior | consequence is positive behavior will be reproduced by observer more willingly. |
| what is a behavioral count | turning watched behavior into quantitative data |
| mirror neurons | monkey see monkey do. |
Created by:
Ninny08