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HA Exam 1
Human Anatomy Exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gross Anatomy | What you can see with a naked eye |
| Radiologic Anatomy | Things you can see through images |
| Comparative Anatomy | Comparing species |
| Histology | Study of tissues and cells |
| Histopathy | Study of disease in cells |
| Cytology | Study of cells |
| Embryology | Study of human development until birth |
| Inspection | Visual examination of the body |
| Pulpation | Using hands to feel the body |
| Ascultation | Listening to the internal sounds of the body |
| Percussion | Taping and listening to the body |
| Surgery | Surgery |
| Medical Imaging | Looking in the inside without opening the body |
| Radiograph (X-ray) | Adv.-Cheap, widely available, good for looking at bones. Dis.- Uses radiation, don't x-ray the reproductive parts |
| Digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) | Adv.- Looks at blood vessels, puts in glowing stuff to see better. Dis.- You can't use it to see bones or tissues |
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | Adv.- Looks for soft tissue injuries, doesn't use radiation. Dis.- You can wear metal or it will get ripped out. Also, not for looking at bones. |
| Computed Tomography (CT Scan) | Adv.-Captures your body from all sides. Dis.- It is a x-ray that uses radiation |
| Position Emission Tomography (PET Scan) | Adv.- Used to look for cancer, highlights activities from tumors. Dis.-It exposes you to a small out of radiation. |
| Sonography (Ultrasound) | Adv.-Cheap, no radiation, looks at babies, Dis.-Not good for looking at bones |
| Birth Defects? | Horseshoe Kidney- The kidneys are fused together Branches of the aorta |
| Cells? | The smallest units of life |
| Tissues? | Mass of similar cells and cell products working together to perform a common function |
| Organ? | Groups of tissues working together to perform a common function |
| Organ system | Group of organs working together to perform a common function |
| Organism | Single, complete individual, capable of acting separately from other individuals. |
| Thumb is ALWAYS lateral | |
| All discrential terms in human anatomy are in _________? | Anatomical Position |
| Frontal plane divides into what areas? | Anterior (Front) and Posterior (Back) |
| Sagittal Plane divides into what areas? | Left and Right |
| Axial/transverse/horizontal plane divides into? | Superior (Top) and inferior (Bottom) |
| What is part of the integumentary system? | Skin, hair, nails, cutaneous glands |
| What are some functions of the integumentary system? | Protection, water retention, thermoregulation |
| What is a part of the skeletal system? | Bones, cartilages, and ligaments |
| What is some function of the skeletal system? | Support, movement, protective enclosure of viscera, blood formation, mineral storage |
| What is part of the musclar system? | Skeletal muscles |
| What are some functions of the muscular system? | Movement, stability, communication, control of body openings, heat production. |
| What is all part of the Lymphoid system? | Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus. spleen, tonsils. |
| What is some function of the lymphoid system? | Recovery of excess tissue fluid, detection of pathogens, production of immune cells, defense against disease. |
| What is all a part of the respiratory system? | Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. |
| What is some function of the respiratory system? | Absorption of oxygen, discharge of carbon dioxide, acid-base balance, speech. |
| What is part of the urinary system? | Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. |
| What are some functions of the urinary system? | Elimination of wastes, regulation of blood volume and pressure, stimulation of red blood cell formation control of fluid, electrolyte. |
| What is all a part of the nervous system? | Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia. |
| What are functions of the nervous system? | Rapid internal communication, coordination, motor control and sensation. |
| What is part of the endocrine system? | Pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus, adrenal, gland, pancreas, testes, and ovaries. |
| What are some function of the endocrine system? | Hormone production, internal chemical communication and coordination. |
| What is all a part of the circulatory system? | Heart and blood vessels. |
| What are some functions of the circulatory system? | Distribution of nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, electrolytes, heart, immune cells, and antibodies. |
| What is all a part of the digestive system? | Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. |
| What are some functions of the digestive system? | Nutrient breakdown and absorption, liver functions, include metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and plasma proteins, disposal of drugs, toxins, and hormones; and cleansing blood. |
| What is all a part of the male reproductive system? | Testes, epididymides, spermatic ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands, penis. |
| What are some of the functions of the mal reproductive system? | Production and delivery of sex hormones. |
| What is all a part of the females reproductive system? | Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands. |
| What are some functions of the female reproductive system? | Production of eggs; site of fertilization and fetal development; fetal nourishment; birth; lactation; secretion of sex hormones. |
| What doe s visceral mean? | Internal organs |
| What is the cell theory? | 1. Every living organism is made up of cells. 2. Cells arise only from other preexisting cells. 3. Cells have the same basic chemical components. 4. Cells are the simplest living entity. |
| What does Photomicrographs mean? | Photos of cells through microscopes |
| Light microscope? | Uses light, inexpensive, has color. |
| Electron micrscope? | Uses radiation, |
| What are some types of electron microscopes? | Transmission and Scanning (Detailed, 2D) (Less resolution, only surfaces, 3D) |
| What does basal, apical, and lateral mean? | Basal- Bottom Apical- Surface Lateral- Sides |
| Fewer cells=? | More fluid |
| What happens if cells are too big? | 1. Cannot support self. 2. Molecular diffusion too slow to support its cell metabolic needs 3. Death of a cell less effect on function of whole organism. |
| Plasma Membrane | Defines boundaries of a cell, governs cell-cell interactions & controls materials entering/existing cell |
| How much does each lipid make up? | Phospholipids- 75% Cholesterol- 20% Glycolipids- 5% |
| Phospholipid Structure has head and tails. Which is hydrophilic and which is Hydrophobic. | Head- Hydrophilic Tails- Hydrophobic |
| Fluid-Mosaic Model | Non-Stationary phospholipids "Drift" Self-repair, seals around rather than break. |
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