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Psych Vocab 6
Learning about learning LOLL
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acquisition | Period of initial learning in classical conditioning where you connect neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus so neutral stimulus produces a response |
| Associative Learning | Learning that involves connecting stimuli that occur together |
| Classical Conditioning | Stimulus or behavior occurs before the behavior and then gets associated with the behavior |
| Cognitive map | Mental picture of the layout of an environment |
| Conditioned response (CR) | response caused by conditioned stimulus |
| CS (Conditioned Stimulus) | Stimulus that elicits a response when paired with unconditioned stimulus |
| Continuous Reinforcement | rewarding behavior every time it occurs |
| Extinction | Decrease in the conditioned response when unconditioned stimulus is no longer paired with CS |
| Fixed Interval Reinforcement Schedule | Behavior is rewarded after a set amount of time |
| Fixed Ratio Reinforcement Schedule | Set number of responses must occur before behavior is rewarded |
| Higher-Order Conditioning (2nd order conditioning) | Conditioned stimulus conditions neutral stimulus |
| Instinct | Unlearned knowledge. Involves complex behavior patterns. More prevalent in animals than humans. |
| Latent Learning | Learning occurs, but you may not know it until you have to demonstrate it |
| Law of Effect | Behavior followed by consequences satisfying to the organism will be repeated and behaviors followed by undesired consequences will be discouraged |
| Learning | Change in behavior or knowledge- the result of experience |
| Model | Person that performs a behavior as an example (in observational learning) |
| Negative Punishment | Taking away pleasant stimulus to stop negative behavior |
| Negative Reinforcement | Taking away an undesirable stimulus to increase a behavior |
| Neutral Stimulus (NS) | Stimulus that does not elicit a response at first |
| Observational Learning | Occurs by watching others |
| Operant Conditioning | Stimulus/experience happens after the behavior is demonstrated |
| Partial Reinforcement | Rewarding a behavior only some of the time |
| Positive Punishment | Adding an undesirable stimulus to stop a behavior |
| Positive Reinforcement | Adding a desirable stimulus to increase a behavior |
| Primary Reinforcer | Has innate reinforcing qualities (ex. food, water, shelter, sex) |
| Punishment | Implementation of a consequence to decrease a behavior |
| Radical Behaviorism | form of behaviorism by B. F. Skinner that suggested that even complex higher mental functions like human language are nothing more than stimulus-outcome associations |
| Reflex | Unlearned, automatic response to a stimulus in an environment |
| Reinforcement | Implementation of a consequence to increase a behavior |
| Secondary Reinforcer | Has no inherent value, until linked to something else (ex. money, gold stars, poker chips) |
| Shaping | Rewarding continual attempts at a certain behavior |
| Spontaneous Recovery | Return of a previously extinguished conditioned response |
| Stimulus Discrimination | Ability to respond differently to similar stimuli |
| Stimulus Generalization | Demonstrating conditioned response to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus |
| Unconditioned Response (UCR) | Natural, unlearned response to a stimulus |
| Unconditioned Stimulus | Stimulus with a reflexive response (UCS) |
| Variable Interval Reinforcement Schedule | Behavior rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed |
| Variable Ratio Reinforcement Schedule | Number of responses differ before behavior is rewarded |
| Vicarious Punishment | Observer sees the model punished, and is less likely to do the same behavior |
| Vicarious Reinforcement | Observer sees model rewarded, and is more likely to imitate the model's behavior |
Created by:
aims2willi