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Week 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An individual living organism’s activity, public or private, which may be influenced by external or internal stimulation. | Behavior |
| A natural science that seeks to (1) accurately predict behavior and (2) identify functional variables that can be used to positively influence behavior. This science assumes that (1) behavior is determined by knowable environmental and biological variable | Behavior Analysis |
| An observable stimulus change that happens after behavior occurs. | Consequence |
| A relation between operant behavior and its controlling variables. | Contingency |
| All of the things you experience through your senses (tastes, smells, sights, sounds, tactile sensations). | Environmental events |
| A variable that, if changed, will reliably and systematically influence behavior. | Functional variable |
| A single instance of behavior. | Response |
| The assumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in which phenomena occur in relation to other events and not in a willy-nilly, accidental fashion. | Determinism |
| These “explanations” put the cause of behavior in the individual’s vaguely defined “mind.” | Stimulus (Stimulus events) |
| Something that you can see, hear, smell, taste, or feel. | Parsimony |
| An approach to scientific explanation that emphasizes simplicity and reliance on well-established knowledge | Independent variable |
| A publicly observable change, controlled by the experimenter, which is anticipated to influence behavior in a specific way. | Behavioral definition |
| A precise specification of the target behavior, allowing observers to reliably identify instances and non-instances. | Dimensions of Behavior |
| The 4 dimensions of behavior include frequency, latency, duration, and magnitude. | falsifiable hypothesis |
| A testable explanation for a phenomenon that can be proven wrong by empirical observation or experiment. | Dependent variable |
| The dependent variable in a behavior-analytic experiment is the objectively measured target behavior. | Direct observation |
| When behavior is directly observed, the behavior is recorded as the behavior occurs, or a lasting product of the behavior is recorded at a later time. | Duration |
| A dimension of behavior – the interval of time between the start and the end of the behavior. | Duration recording |
| A direct-observation method used when measuring the latency or duration of a target behavior. | Event recording |
| Each instance of behavior is recorded at the moment it occurs. | Frequency |
| A dimension of behavior – the response count divided by time (response rate) or opportunity to respond. | Interobserver agreement (IOA) |
| The extent to which two independent observers’ data are the same after having directly observed the same behavior at the same time. | Latency |
| A dimension of behavior – the interval of time between the opportunity to respond and the response itself. | Magnitude |
| Recording the distinct, observable, lasting product(s) of behavior, instead of the behavior itself. | Outcome recording |
| A direct-observation method used to estimate how frequently behavior occurs. Observers record whether the behavior occurs during any portion of each in a series of contiguous intervals. | Partial-interval recording |
| Behavior changes because the individual is aware that they are being watched. | Reactivity |
| A direct-observation method used to estimate how frequently behavior occurs. Observers record whether the behavior occurs throughout each in a series of contiguous intervals. | Whole-interval recording |
| The dependent variable in a behavior-analytic experiment is the objectively measured target behavior. | Dependent variable |
| When behavior is directly observed, the behavior is recorded as the behavior occurs, or a lasting product of the behavior is recorded at a later time. | Direct observation |
| A dimension of behavior – the interval of time between the start and the end of the behavior. | Duration |
| A direct-observation method used when measuring the latency or duration of a target behavior. | Duration recording |
| Each instance of behavior is recorded at the moment it occurs. | Event recording |
| A dimension of behavior – the response count divided by time (response rate) or opportunity to respond. | Frequency |
| The extent to which two independent observers’ data are the same after having directly observed the same behavior at the same time. | Interobserver agreement (IOA) |
| A dimension of behavior – the interval of time between the opportunity to respond and the response itself. | Latency |
| A dimension of behavior – the force or intensity of a behavior. | Magnitude |
| Recording the distinct, observable, lasting product(s) of behavior, instead of the behavior itself. | Outcome recording |
| A direct-observation method used to estimate how frequently behavior occurs. Observers record whether the behavior occurs during any portion of each in a series of contiguous intervals. | Partial-interval recording |
| Behavior changes because the individual is aware that they are being watched. | Reactivity |
| A direct-observation method used to estimate how frequently behavior occurs. Observers record whether the behavior occurs throughout each in a series of contiguous intervals. | Whole-interval recording |
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