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Micro Chapter 4 KT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| smallest unit of matter (chonps) | atoms |
| monosaccharides | glucose |
| disaccharides | lactose |
| polysaccharides | glycogen: storage cellulose: plant form, indigestible chitin: mushrooms, seafood |
| fats/lipids | long term energy ex. triglycerides --> storage form |
| phospholipids make up | cell membranes |
| proteins | chains of amino acids |
| protein has to... to function | fold |
| Protein folding order | primary: order of amino acids secondary: shapes (helix, pleated sheet) tertiary: three dimensional, ball up quaternary: protein + protien |
| secondary structure shapes | alpha helix, beta pleated sheet |
| examples of quaternary folding | hemoglobin, antibodies |
| nucleic acids | DNA, RNA, ATP |
| DNA | encodes genetic info in genes |
| RNA | transfer info from gene to protein |
| dna nucleotide bases | A to T C to G |
| DNA double helix is supported by... | sugar phosphate backbones |
| mRNA | messanger RNA single strand that is the blueprint |
| tRNA | transfer RNA brings the matches. anticodons |
| prokaryotic cells | no true nucleus or membrane bound organelles bacteria |
| eukaryotic cells | all other organisms |
| typical bacterial cell | prokaryote has cell wall dna in cytoplasm ribosomes present flagella, cillia, pilus |
| pilus | penis of a bacteria |
| gram-positive | thick cell wall purple staph + strep, along w spores (antrax, tetinis) |
| gram-negative | thin cell wall, e-coli opportunistic like pseudomonas |
| gram-negative cell wall | peptidoglycan lipopolysaccharide |
| lipopolysaccharide | molecule extending from outer membrane |
| ______ is the toxic portion of LPS. | Lipid A |
| mycobacterial envelope | cell wall w peptidoglycan and mycolic acid use acid fast stain TB |
| bacterial nucleoid | membrane protection one chromosome lil extra dna in plasmid |
| plasmid conveys | virulance and antibiotic resistance |
| bacteria contains ribosomes that are | structurally different --> why we can use antibiotics bc we cam be selectively toxic |
| monotrichous | single flagella |
| lophotrichous | many flagella at same point, tuft |
| amphitrichous | flagella at both ends |
| petrichous | flagella everywhere |
| binary fission | mitosis in bacteria (asexual reproduction) |
| transcription | DNA --> RNA to be read |
| Translation | mRNA codons --> matched w tRNA anticodon to make proteins |
| tRNA match pairs | A to U C to G |
Created by:
jojojackson