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Gen 3020 Exam 1

TermDefinition
Prokaryotic cells non-nucleated, bacteria and archaea
Eukaryotic cells nucleated, protists, plants, fungi, animals
Mitosis leads to the production of 2 identical daughter cells, each with the same # of chromosomes as the parent cell
Meiosis reduces genetic content and leads to the production of sex gametes, which contains half the number of chromosomes
cytosol colloidal material which surrounds celllular organelles
microtubules made of protein tubular
cytoskeleton made of microtubules and microfilaments, and provides lattice of support for structures within the cell
microfilaments derived from protein actin
intermediate filaments made of other proteins ex: keratin
Smooth ER site of lipid (fact acid) synthesis
Rough ER studded with ribosomes, site of membrane protein synthesis and modification
Ribosomes site where genetic information in mRNA is translated to protein
Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins and lipids, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell
mitochondria found in most eukaryotic cells including plant and animal site of oxidative phases of cell respiration and ATP synthesis
chloroplasts found in plants, algae, and some protozoans site of photosynthesis
centrosomes animal and plant cells, organize spindle fibers that function inn meiosis and mitosis
centrioles found in the centrosome of animal cells help form cili and flagella in addition to spindle fibers
spindle fibers made of microtubules that are made of protein tubules have role in movement of chromosomes as they separate during cell division
centromere constricted region on chromosomes
metacentric centromere location in the middle
submetacentric centromere location between middle and end
acrocentric centromere location close to end
telocentric centromere location at end
telomeres repetitive sequences at the ends of chromosomes that protect the interior from degeneration
sister chromatids exact copies of a chromosome; they only exist after DNA is duplicated and before division
homologous chromosomes 2 of the same type of chromosome
somatic cells (body cells) derived from the same species, have the same # of chromosomes- 2n (diploid)
haploid # (n) 1/2 the diploid #
genome one complete set
karyotypes used to analyze a cell's chromosomes
multicellular organisms responsible for wound healing, cell replacement, and growth
single celled fungi, protists, and algae mitosis serves as the basis for asexual reproduction
zygote single-celled fertilized egg mitosis drives its growth and development
Created by: M1348
 

 



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