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blood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| glass tube with red stopper | no additive; plain old vial use when serum is needed |
| plastic tube with red stopper | clot activator used to separate the hemoglobin? from the serum |
| grey stopper | oxalate and sodium fluoride anticoagulant decreases calcium glycolytic inhibitor (preserves glucose in sample) used for glucose testing if there will be a delay before testing |
| light blue stopper | sodium cytrate (anticoagulant) used for PT, aPTT, and fibrinogen assay |
| yellow stopper | citrate +ACD used for tissue typing, DNA and paternity testing, HLA phenotyping |
| yellow stopper | no citrate, sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) for cultures |
| how to tell the yellow stoppers apart | read for additives! ACD or SPS |
| lavender stopper | contains EDTA anticoagulant (preserves whole blood) can be: glass tubes: tripotassium, liquid form plastic tubes: dipotassium, spraydried poweder - for hematology such as CBC, smears, microhematocrit |
| hematocrit test | measures the % RBCs in your blood |
| green stopper | heparin for chemistry tests! comes in 3 forms -lithium, sodium, and ammonia heparin |
| when is the cutoff for how long blood samples can be stored before testing | 48 hours |
| how full do tubes with additives need to be | completely full so that the ratio of additive to blood is good |
| white/pearl top stopper | EDTA + gel for EDTA plasma, centriguge; doesnt leave the tube (the gel seperates plasma from blood cells) - good for HIV patients used for molecular tests like PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and branched DNA amplification techniques |
| EDTA | an anticoagulant |
| royal blue stopper | used in trace element studies ex: testing for traces of zinc, lead, arsenic, copper etc 3 types 1) no anticoagulant 2) sodium heparin (green) 3) disodium EDTA (lavender) |
| when you fill a tube with an additive | gently invert 5-8 times to mix |
| when can you use a blood pressure cuff and how | 1/2 inflates between diastolic and systolic with obese, geriatric, and pediatric patients |
| disposable calibrated micropipette | the kind you use in bio used for blood transfer hold tube semihorizontally and let blood flow into it 1-200 microliters |
| microhematocrit capillary tubes | like the kind we use in chem lab intended for determining packed red blood cell volume in microsamples must be filled at least 2/3 full 50-75 microliters required |
| blood gas collection pipettes | for blood gas determinations 50-250 microliters amount needed depends on instrument used |
| noncapillary plastic microcollection devices | includes means for filling, measuring, color coding, stoppering, centrifugation, storage matches anticoagulant tubes |
| samples for bilirubin | collected in amber tubes to protect blood from light |
| for neonatal screening samples | prick/puncture heel of newborn, let blood drop onto a filter paper card, let blood dry and send to lab |
| what should the phlebotomists tray include | -alc swabs -gauze squares/cotton balls -evacuated tube holders -syringes -syringe transfer device -various size syringes & evacuated tube needles -butterfly collection sets -microcollection equip -tourniquets -gloves -sharps cont -marking pen |
| what should you do every time you set out equiment | check for expiration dates |
| order of draw | yellow (blood culture or yellow or bottles for blood culture) light blue red or speckled tubes (plastic or glass) green lavender grey |
| why must you always draw in the arm down position | to prevent backflow of additives back into body |
| when labeling a sample include | name identification number (or DOB) collection date time of sample collection your initials (or of person collecting sample) aliquots or dilutions must have type of sample too (plasma, serum...etc) |
| order of what site to check a draw from, first to last | 1) upper bend o arm (antecubital area) - median cubital vein (the one thats kinda across) - basilic (less preferred bc there are nerves, b careful & dont go 2 deep) 2) back of hand 3) wrist 4) foot & ankle -need permission from physician |
| when drawing from back of hand | to avoid rolling, hold vein below puncture site with thumb and use a small gague needle (23 or lower) or butterfly |
| sites to avoid | edematous arms arms in casts arms with IVs cannulas fistulas excessive scarring like burns and hematomas arm on the same side of a masectomy |
| HOW TO TELL A VEIN FROM AN ARTERY | when palpating, if it pulsates THATS AN ARTERY!! RUN!! |
| when to don gloves | after cleansing is fine |
| where to palpate | 1-2 inches above and below puncture site DONT TOUCH PUNCTURE SITE |
| what to do if you need more than one needle/syringe | use a butterfly |
| when to remove tourniquet | after 1 min, reapply if needed BEFORE removing needle |
| when using a butterfly collector | will need to make a discard tube because there will be air use a plain glass red tube butterfly system should be inserted at 5-10 degrees rather than the usual 15 to 30 |
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