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BIO UNIT 1

TermDefinition
Cohesion Attraction between molecules of the same substance; water --> water; hydrogen bonds
Adhesion Attraction between molecules of different substances; water --> other substances
Capillary Action Movement of water through a narrow space due to adhesion + cohesion
Solvent Substance that dissolves another substance
Solute Substance dissolved in a solvent
Hydrophilic "Water-loving"; interacts readily with water
Hydrophobic "Water-fearing"; does not interact well with water
Covalent Bonds Atoms share electrons
Nonpolar electrons shared relatively equally
Polar electrons shared unequally
Ionic Bons electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Macromolecule Very large biological molecule
Monomer Smaller building block of a polymer
Polymer large molecule made of repeating monomers
Dehydration Synthesis Joins molecules by removing H2O --> build carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids
Hydrolosis Breaks bonds by adding H2O --> break polymers into monomers
Organic Molecule Carbon-containing molecule, generally associated with C-H bonds in biological contexts
Functional Group specific group of atoms that gives a molecule particular properties
CHO Carbohydrates
CHO & sometimes P Lipids
CHON & sometimes S Proteins
CHONP Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates energy storage, energy use, and structural support
Glycosidic Bond joins monosaccharides
Lipids hydrophobic molecules important for energy storage, membranes, and signaling
Saturated Fat SINGLE Carbon Bond --> C-C; straight chain
Unsaturated Fat DOUBLE Carbon Bond --> C=C; bent chain
Phospholipids both polar (head) and non polar (tails) parts --> Amphipathic
Steroids four interconnected carbon rings; hormones/signaling, membrane structure
Nucleic Acids store and transmit genetic information
Nucleotide Phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base
Purines Adenine, Guanine
Pyrimidines Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
Phosphodiester Bonds Connect nucleotides together --> form the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA/RNA
Amino Acid has an R group
R Group determines the amino acid's properties --> nonpolar, polar, charged, acidic, basic
Peptide Bonds joins amino acids
Primary Structure line
Secondary Structure begins to fold; alpha helices (coiled), beta folds, hydrogen bonds
Tertiary Structure 3D shape of one polypeptide
Disulfide Bridge strong covalent bond between sulfer-containg R group
Quaternary Structure mulitple tertiary strucutres
Enzymes increase reaction rate, lower activation energy
Denaturation loss of a protein's normal shape and function --> high temperature, extreme pH, changes in ionic conditions, certain chemicals
Ester Linkage bonds glycerol and fatty acids
Hydrogen Bond bonds polar molecules/regions
Created by: lilli.spears1
 

 



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