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DX & Tests
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| adhesion | abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated |
| edema | abnormal accumulation of fluid within tissue spaces as a result of systemic disease or failure of the lymphatic system to drain tissue fluid from the site |
| febrile | having or showing symptoms of a fever |
| gangrene | death and decay of soft tissue, usually caused by circulatory obstruction or infection |
| hernia | protrusion of any organ through the structure that normally contains it |
| inflammation | body defense against injury, infection, or allergy marked by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, sometimes with a loss of function |
| mycosis | any fungal infection in or on the body |
| perforation | hole that completely penetrates a structure |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum, the serous membrane that surrounds the abdominal cavity and covers its organs, usually caused by bacteria or organ |
| rupture | sudden breaking or bursting of a structure or organ |
| septicemia | severe bacterial infection of the tissues that spreads to the blood also called sepsis or blood poisoning |
| suppuration | process of forming pus |
| assessment techniques | sequence of procedures designed to evaluate the health statue of a patient |
| auscultation | listening to the heart, bowel, and lungs with or without a stethoscope to assess the presence and quality of sound |
| inspection | general observation of the patient as a whole, progressing to a specific body areas |
| palpation | gentle application of the hands to a specific structure or body areas to determine size, consistency, texture, symmetry, and tenderness of underlying structure |
| percussion | tapping a body structure with the hand or fingers to assess consistency and the presence of absence of fluids within the underlying structure |
| endoscopy | visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument (endoscope) |
| blood chemistry analysis | laboratory test, usually performed on serum, to determine biochemical imbalances, abnormalities, and nutritional conditions |
| complete blood count (CBC) | broad screening test used to evaluate red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets to determine anemias, infections, and other diseases |
| computed tomography (CT) | imaging technique that rotates an x-ray emitter around the area to be evaluated and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles |
| flouroscopy | technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays internal structures in continuous motion |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field, rather than an x-ray, to produce highly detailed, multiplanar, cross-sectional views of soft tissue |
| nuclear scan | technique in which a radioactive material (radiopharmaceutical) called a tracer is introduced into the body (inhaled, ingested, or injected), and a specialized (gamma) camera produces images of organs or structures |
| positron emission tomography (PET) | computed tomography records the positions (positive charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmaceutical to produce a cross-sectional image of the metabolic activity of body tissues to determine the presence of disease |
| radiography | technique in which x-rays are passed through the body or area and captured on a film to generate an image; also called x-ray |
| single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) | radiological technique that integrates computed tomography (CT) and a radioactive material (tracer) injected into the bloodstream to visualize blood flow to tissues and organs |
| ultrasonography (US) | high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) are directed at soft tissue and reflected as echoes to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure - a.k.a ultrasound, sonography, and echo |
| biopsy (bx) | removal of a representative tissue sample from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis |
| excisional | biopsy in which the entire lesion is removed |
| incisional | biopsy in which only a small sample of the lesion is removed |
| ablation | removal of a body parts, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radio frequency (RF) |
| anastomosis | surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another |
| curettage | scraping a body cavity with a spoon-shaped instrument, a curette |
| electrocauterization | use of electrically activated instrument to burn and destroy disease tissue |
| incision and drainage (I&D) | incision made to allow the free flow of fluids and pus from a wound, abscess, or body cavity |
| laser surgery | use of a high-intensity laser light beam to removed diseased tissues, to stop bleeding, or for cosmetic purpose |
| revision | surgical procedure used to replace or compensate for a previously implanted device or correct an undesirable result or effect of a previous surgery |
| idiopathic | the cause of a disease is unknown |
| marked | clearly noticeable symptom |
| hidden | occult |
| sterile | free from bacteria or other living microorganisms |
| palliative | specialized medical care that focuses on pain relief for individuals with serious illness |
| palpation | a method of feeling with the fingers or hands during a physical examination |
| prognosis | outlook |
| auscultation | the action of listening to sounds from the heart, lungs or other organs; typically done with a stethoscope, as a part of medical diagnosis |
| discharge | draining from an area of the body or wound |
| localized | affecting one area of the body (ex. an infected wound) |
| prophylaxis | measures designed to prevent sick individuals / the spread of disease |
| etiology | a disease that has a known cause |
| pathogen | any disease-causing organism |
| systemic | affecting the whole body (ex. an infection within the bloodstream) |
| malignant | a tumor that can spread |
| objective | criteria that a doctor or nurse measures in order to determine what is wrong with the patient |
| benign | a tumor that is not cancerous |
| remission | recover from disease; a state of inactive disease |
| mortality | death |
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