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A&P Exam 1 - Ch2

chemical level of organization

QuestionAnswer
what are the most common elements in the human body by % of body weight -oxygen (65%) -carbon (18.5%) -hydrogen (9.5%) -nitrogen (3.0%) -calcium (1.5%) -phosphorous (1.0%)
covalent vs ionic vs hydrogen bonds -covalent: sharing of electrons when both atoms need some -ionic: weaker than covalent, electrostatic attractions -hydrogen: formed between polar molecules, individually weak, collectively strong
explain hydrogen bonds hydrogen bonds happen when hydrogen that is covalently bonded to O, N, or F contains a positive charge and is attracted to a negative charge on a neighboring molecule (ex. H in NaOH attracted to O in H2O).
properties of water -polar molecule -can form 4 hydrogen bonds w/adjacent molecules -transports, lubricates, cushions, excretes, etc -water is the solvent of the body
pH scale - pH of 0-7 = acidic - pH 7-14 = basic/alkaline
what are pH buffers for -help prevent pH changes if excess acid or base is added -ex. to stabilize blood pH
monomers -protein: amino acid -lipids: fatty acid/glycerol -carbohydrates: monosaccharides -nucleic acids: nucleotides
lipid polymers -triglycerides -phospholipids -steroids -eicosanoids
function of lipids in the body -energy storage -phospholipid membranes -steroid hormones -nervous system communication
function of carbs in the body -glucose and other energy
function of proteins in the body -store & transfer genetic info (DNA & RNA) -ATP
function of nucleic acids in the body -synthesis and digestion -structural support -blood transport and body movement -antibodies
properties of enzymes -catalyze reactions -specificity (acting only on specific substrates) -sensitivity to temp and pH
Created by: jmwes
 

 



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