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Bio 123
Chapter 1 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| inherited characteristics of an organism that enhances its survival & reproduction in a specific environment | adaptation |
| an explanation that is broader in scope than a hypothesis, generates new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence | theory |
| an experiment designed to compare an experimental group with a control group; ideally, two groups differ only in the factor being tested | controlled experiment |
| a type of logic in which specific results are provided from a general premise | deductive reasoning |
| a testable explanation for a set of observations based on the available data & guided by inductive reasoning; narrower in scope than a theory | hypothesis |
| a type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations | inductive reasoning |
| the search for information and explanation, often focusing on specific questions | inquiry |
| an approach to understanding the natural world | science |
| a process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits | natural selection |
| the domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms | eukarya |
| one of two prokaryotic domains the other being bacteria | archaea |
| one of two prokaryotic domains, the other being Archaea | bacteria |
| a taxonomic category above the kingdom level; archaea, bacteria, eukarya; a discrete structural and functional region of a protein | 3 domains of life |
| the genetic material of an organism or virus; the complete complement of an organisms or virus's genes along with its noncoding nucleic acid sequences | genome |
| a discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses) | gene |
| the process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins and instead function as RNA's | gene expression |
| a nucleic acid molecule, usually a double-stranded helix, in which each polynucleotide strand consists of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), & thymine (T) | DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) |
| a type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; ex: bacteria, archaea | prokaryotic |
| a type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; ex: protists, plants, fungi, & animals | eukaryotic |
| two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds | molecules |
| any of several kinds of membrane-enclosed structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells | organelles |
| life's fundamental unit of structure and function; the smallest unit of organization that can perform all activities required for life | cells |
| an integrated group of cells with a common structure, function, or both | tissues |
| the group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions | organ system |
| a specialized center of body function composed of several different types of body tissues | organ |
| an individual living thing, consisting of one or more cells | organism |
| a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring | population |
| all the organisms that inhabit a particular area; an assemblage of populations of different species living close enough together for potential interaction | communities |
| all the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact; one or more communities and the physical environment around them | ecosystem |
| the entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the plant's ecosystem | biosphere |
| new properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases | emergent properties |
| descent with modification; the process by which species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adopt to different environments over time; also defined as change in the genetic composition of a population from generation to generation | evolution |
| atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere | levels of biological organization |
| the scientific study of life | biology |
| not the first to study evolution, but made two contributions 1.) species showed "descent w/ modification" from common ancestors 2.) natural selection is the mechanism behind it | Charles Darwin |
| recorded measurements; organized into tables & graphs | quantitative data |
| descriptions rather than measurements; ex: observation of chimpanzee | qualitative data |
Created by:
dakota_thornell2