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science
science test term 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do all waves have? Explain each aspect. | Wavelength, the distance between crests, amplitude, the high of the crests above the halfway line(Normal), and frequency. This is the number of waves per second measured in Hertz. A trough is the bottom, crest is the top. |
| What are the two types of waves? Explain the difference. | A transverse wave: particles are moving up and down. A longitudinal wave, the particles move back and forth in the same direction as the wave is moving. |
| What is sound energy? | longitudinal waves that travel through a medium like air or water. Sound travelling as a waved due to vibrations |
| What is conduction? Provide an example. | The transfer of thermal heat energy through direct contact between materials. EG: heat transfer from a frying pan to the handle. |
| What is convection? Provide an example. | The transfer of heat through the movement of fluid, liquids and sometimes gases. In a fluid, warmer less dense areas arise creating a circulation pattern that transfers heat. EG: water heating up |
| What is radiation? Provide an example. | The transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves, like light, without needing a medium like air or water. Energy is emitted by one object and absorbed by another, meaning it can work in outer space. EG: heaters |
| What is the particle model? How does it explain conduction and convection? Explain for the liquid. | In the particle model, particles in a liquid are packed closely, they vibrate but are free to move or flow over eachother |
| What is the particle model? How does it explain conduction and convection? Explain for the gas. | In the particle model, particles of a gas are not bound together at all and are free to move in straight lines until they collide with other gas particles, or the wall of the container in which they are held. |
| How does conduction work in the particle model? | the particles in the hottest part of a material vibrate and transfer energy through collisions to lower energy particles. This leads to all particles having the same amount of energy. |
| How does convection work in the particle model? | The particles in the hottest part of a material vibrate and transfer energy through collisions to lower-energy particles Eventually, all the particles have the same amount of energy. |
| What are the types of rays on the electromagnetic spectrum? List them from smallest wavelengths to largest. | Gamma, x rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwaves, and radio waves. Radioactive elements, x-ray machine, sun light bulb, tv remote, microwave, TV NOTE: radio waves come from for example the TV, NOT radios |
| What are electromagnetic waves, and how do electric and magnetic fields create them? | The interaction between electricity and magnetism is called electromagnetism. They travel as two interconnected electric and magnetic fields as transverse waves. |
| How does the frequency of waves change from radio waves to gamma rays, and why does it matter? | As you move from radio waves to gamma rays across the electromagnetic spectrum, the frequency of the waves increases steadily from very low to extremely high radio waves have low frequency and gamma rays have high frequency. |
| How is sound a longitudinal wave produced by vibrations? | Sound energy is transmitted through a material as longitudinal waves. The particles of the material vibrate as the sound energy flows through it. Eg. a loud concert, you can fill the energy that's transmitted by sound waves. |
| How do objects like tuning forks, glass and rode produce sound waves? | objects produce sound waves when they vibrate. they vibrations make the particles around them vibrate, creating sound eaves that travel through a medium like air. |
| How do changes in frequency and amplitude affect pitch and loudnesss? (sound waves) | higher frequency means higher pitch. Greater amplitude means louder sound (amplitude is half the length of the wave from the middle to the top). |
| What is a wave? | A wave carries energy from one point to another. This can happen by energy carried by waves moving horizontally, but the particles making up the wave move vertically Waves usually need a medium unless its electromagnetic waves. |
| How does colours affect the way they appear and wavelengths? | Each visible colour has its own wavelength. Red light has the longest in the visible spectrum when you move in sequence from red to violet. Colours with shorter wavelengths like blue, have more energy than colours with longer wavelengths. |
| What is a refractive index? What does a higher refractive index mean? | a measure of how much light slows down and bends when it enters material. A higher refractive index means light travels more slowly through it and causes light to bend more |
| Describe the parts of a wave. | crest-high point of the wave. Trough-bottom of the wave. Wavelength: the distance between two waves. Amplitude: height/depth of a wave, half of the length. Frequency: number of waves that pass a fixed point in a period of time. |
| What is light? | energy travelling at the fastest speed in the universe through what are called light waves. Light waves are electromagnetic energy, like all electromagnetic energy, they have different wavelengths |
| What type of waves are sound waves and how do they work? | In a sound wave, the particles that make up the wave move back and forth in the same direction the wave is travelling. This is called a longitudinal wave. |
| What is velocity in a wave? What is period? | velocity=how fast a wave travels, measure in m/s EG: 20m/s Period=the time it takes for one complete wave cycle to pass a point, measure in seconds. EG: 0.5 seconds |
| What is the incident ray, reflected ray, and normal line? | the ray of light that strikes the surface. The ray of light that bounces off the surface. An imaginary line at 90* to the surface. The angle of incidence and reflection are just on those arrows' side, stopping at the normal. |
| How do colours appear differently underwater? | Colors with shorte rwavelengths, like blue or violet on the end of the spectrum, have more energy than colors with longer wavelengths. Red light has the lowest energy. Each visible color has its own wavelength. Red light has the longest wavelength in th |
| What is refraction? Provide an example | The bending of a wave when it enters a different medium because its speed changes. Light slowing down when it enters a medium like water or glass. |
| How do you calculate a refractive index? | speed of light in a vacuum ---------------------------------- speed of light in substance |
| What is radiation? | the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves, like light waves, without needing a medium like air or water. The only energy transfer that can occur in a vacuum. It can be transferred through space. |
| What is a medium? Do electromagnetic waves need them? Provide an example. | In physics, it's a substance or material that carries a wave. Eg. air is the medium for sound waves . No, for electromagnetic waves, like light, a medium is not needed because these waves can travel through a vacuum. |
| What is the difference between longitudinal waves and transverse waves? | Transverse waves: particles vibrate up and down to the direction wave travels. Longitudinal waves: particles vibrate back and forth to the direction the wave travels. |
| What type of waves are light waves? | Electromagnetic and transverse. They can travel through space because they are electromagnetic, are transverse, the particles move up and down. |
| What is sound? | Sound is a type of energy that travels through matter as vibrations. Sound can be created by anything that vibrates. |
| What is transmission? How is energy transferred between materials? | The transfer of energy through or between materials is called transmission. Vibrations in one material can cause another to vibrate. This allows sound energy to be transferred between them. |
| What is important about white light? | White light like that from the sun, is composed of all wavelengths of visible light. When white light enters a prism, different wavelengths of light refract in different ways. |
| What is the electromagnetic spectrum? How does it work? | The range of all frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Ranging from low frequency radiation, like radio waves, to high-frequency radiation love gamma radiation. |
| Explain the process of convection. | liquids and gases that are warmer will expand, become less dense, than those that are cooler and rise. The flow of particle form warmer to cooler areas produce convection currents. |
| All hot bodies radiate heat. The higher the temperature of an object___ | the higher the temperature of an object, the more heat is radiated |
| What is a conductor? Provide 3 examples. | a material that transfers heat through direct contact. Eg. silver, gold, aluminium, copper, ect. |
| What is an insulator? Provide 3 examples. | a material that slows down/reduces the transfer of heat between objects. Eg. plastic, rubber, winter jackets, wool, wood, glass. |
| How does radiation work with heat? | All objects emit electromagnetic radiation in the form of infrared rays. Hotter objects release more radiated than cooler ones. As objects' temperature increases, releases more radiation and other electromagnetic waves |
| Define radiation | the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves, such as light, without needing a medium (like air or water). Electromagnetic radiation travels at the speed of light. Radiation is a form of energy that doesn't require particles or a medium,/ |
| Why are some metals good conductors? | In metals, energy is transferred efficiently, so some metals conduct heat better than others. |
| What is thermal conductivity? | a measure of how well a material transfers heat from one place to another. |
| What is refraction? | The bending/ change in direction of a wave—such as light, when it passes at an angle from one medium into another with a different speed |
| Lower pitch in a wave looks like? | A long slow wave, whereas a wave with high pitch is fast waves |
| What is propagation and hertz in a wave? | Propagation refers to the way waves travel through a medium or space. Hertz is the number of waves per second (frequency). |
| What is absorption? | Waves are consumed by the surface, not reflected. In reflection, waves are bounced back, bouncing off of an object. |
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