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chapter 3 and 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Population Distribution | where people live within a geographic area—affects the cultural, political, environmental, and economic aspects and conditions in any given area. |
| Dispersed | A linear pattern describes a population that appears to form long and narrow lines, and a population that is spread out |
| Landforms | The natural features of Earth’s surface, or landforms , also influence population distribution. |
| Climate | refers to the long-term patterns of weather in an area that greatly affect population distribution in direct and indirect ways. |
| Temperate Climates | The natural features of Earth’s surface, or landforms , also influence population distribution. |
| Human Migration | A driving force in population distribution that is often influenced by economics is human migration , which occurs when people make a permanent move from one place to another |
| Population Density | the number of people occupying a unit of land, is an important aspect of population. Geographers use three methods to calculate population density: arithmetic density, physiological density, and agricultural density. |
| Arithmetic Density | measures the total number of people per unit area of land. It is calculated by dividing the total population by the total land area. |
| Physiological density | is the total number of people per unit of arable land |
| Arable Land | land that can be used to grow crops |
| Subsistence Agriculture | the farming taking place is providing crops and livestock for only the farmers. This practice, called subsistence agriculture , is common in peripheral and semi-peripheral countries |
| Agricultural Density | measures the total number of farmers per unit of arable land. The highest agricultural densities are found in parts of Asia |
| dependency ratio | the number of people in a dependent age group (under age 15 or age 65 and older) divided by the number of people in the working-age group (ages 15 to 64), multiplied by 100. |
| sex ratio | when evaluating population composition. This ratio represents the proportion of males to females in a population. |
| Demographics | data about the structures and characteristics of human populations |
| Fertility | the ability to produce children, influences the birthrate of a population |
| crude birth rate | the number of births in a given year per 1,000 people in a given population. |
| total fertility rate | the average number of children one woman in a given country or region will have during her child-bearing years, which are ages 15 to 49, according to the Population Reference Bureau. |
| mortality | deaths as a component of population change |
| crude death rate | the number of births in a given year per 1,000 people in a given population. |
| infant mortality rate | the number of deaths of children under the age of 1 per 1,000 live births. |
| Life expectancy | the average number of years a person is expected to live. |
| population pyramids | These graphs show the age-sex distribution of a given population, which helps indicate whether the population is growing rapidly, growing slowly, or in decline. |
| Doubling time | the number of years in which a population growing at a certain rate will double. The formula for calculating doubling time (DT) is 70/RNI = DT. |
| urbanization | the growth and development of cities, and took hold more strongly in the industrialized countries that form the core. |
| overpopulation | to describe a population that exceeds its sustainable size, or carrying capacity. |
| Neo-Malthusian | A new school of thought—called Neo-Malthusian —raises concerns about sustainable use of the planet, claiming that Earth’s resources can only support a finite population. |
| Demographic Transition Model | the shifts in growth that the world’s populations have undergone—and are still experiencing—over time. |
| Epidemiological Transition Model | changes in fertility, mortality, life expectancy, and population age distribution, largely as the result of changes in causes of death. |
| pronatalist | policies encourage births and aim to accelerate population growth. |
| antinatalist | usually a reaction to concerns about population growth exceeding resources. |
| land degradation | the use of limited resources has long-term repercussions |
| carrying capacity | The maximum population size an environment can sustain |
| rate of natural increase | the difference between the crude birth rate (CBR) and crude death rate (CDR) of a defined group of people. |
Created by:
ThL+