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BIO 186 Quiz 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How is life recognized? | Through, interactions, reproduction, adaptation, order, energy processing, regulation, and growth. |
| Biology is ___ _________ _____ __ _____ | the scientific study of life. |
| Biosphere --> Ecosystems --> ...finish the pattern | Communities --> Populations --> Organisms --> Organs --> Tissue --> Cells --> Organelles --> Molecules |
| Traits of Prokaryotic Cells | Single celled. Have a cell membrane. no nucleus. |
| Traits of Eukaryotic Cells | Can be uni or multi cellular. Have a cell membrane. Contains a nucleus. |
| What was the first form of life? Where did they live? | Prokaryotic bacterial cells living on the sea floor. |
| What did the first forms of life consume? | Methane and sulfur from hydrothermal vents. |
| What are stromolites? | Layered rocks that form when prokaryotes bind thin films of sediment together. |
| Define ecosystem. | A particular region with all living and non living components |
| Define community. | Only living components within an ecosystem. |
| Define population. | All individual species. |
| Define organism. | A single individual. |
| Define organs. | A thing that functions. |
| Define tissue. | Group of cells. |
| Define cell. | Fundamental unit of structure and function. |
| Define organelles. | Part of a cell that performes a function. |
| Define molecules. | A chemical structure consisting of 2+ atoms. |
| What are the 5 themes of life? | Organization, information, energy + matter, interactions, evolution. |
| What is Information within the 5 themes of life? | Expression and transmission of genetic information. Genes pass to offspring and code for proteins. |
| What is energy and matter within the 5 themes of life? | The use and replenishment of energy. |
| What is Interactions within the 5 themes of life? | From molecular to ecosystems, interactions in the natural world. |
| What is Evolution within the 5 themes of life? | Accounts for the unity and diversity of life. |
| What are the first 3 eons of geologic time? | Hadean, Archaean, Proterozoic. |
| What is the time period of the Hadean eon? | 4500-4000 mya |
| What is the time period of the Archaean eon? | 4000-2500 mya |
| What is the time period of the Proterozoic eon? | 2500-541 mya |
| When did the solar system form? | 4600 mya |
| How did the solar system form? | Core accretion system; condensing particles that eventually form planets. |
| What was Earth like when it formed? | Extremely hot, with heavy bombardment of meteors. |
| What is the Panspermia theory? | The theory that life came from another planet/somewhere else in the universe and arrived on earth through a meteor. |
| What is the Oparin-Haldane theory? | The theory that life started from a "primordial soup". The Oparin-Haldane experiment tested this and was able to create some basic forms of life. |
| What is life's most fundamental attribute? | Reproduction with heredity and genetic variation. |
| Aspects of hydrothermal vents: | -lots of energy -stable environment -protection from meteors |
| What is the RNA world hypothesis? | An idea that RNA came before DNA. Extremely unlikely due to the fragile nature of RNA. |
| How hot was the Earth during the Hadean Eon? | Previously though to be 1200 degrees Celsius, but Zircon crystals proved to be drastically lower, about 680 degrees Celsius. |
| When did liquid water begin to form? | 4400-4000 mya |
| When did the Great Oxidation Event occur? | At the end of Archaean Eon. |
| When do scientists have confirmed first evidence of life? | The end of the Archaean Eon. |
| What are the 3 domains of life? | Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya. |
| Are prokaryotes membrane enclosed? | No. |
| What types of prokaryotes lived during the Archaean Eon? | Extremophiles and anaerobes. |
| What are extremophiles? | Cells that prefer and/or thrive in extreme environments. |
| What are anaerobes? | Cells that prefer and/or thrive limited/no O2. |
| What are heterotrophs? | Organisms that consume organic and inorganic materials from the the environment for energy. |
| What are autotrophs? | Organisms that synthesize their own organic nutrients from inorganic raw materials. |
| Autotrophs include methanotrophs and phototrophs. What are those? | Methanotrophs and use methane as energy used hydrogen sulfide. Phototrophs use light as energy. |
| What did the first autotrophs use as energy? | Hydrogen gas an hydrogen sulfide. |
| What caused the oxygen increase? | Cyanobacteria |
| How does cyanobacteria get energy? | Through photosynthesis. |
| How fast was oxygen being produced in the late stages of the Archaean Eon? | Doubling every 3,000 years. |
| The GOE was the first ____________ event. | Extinction. |
| What color did earth turn during the GOE? Why? | Red due to chemical reactions between O2 and iron creating iron sulfide. Precipitation of iron sulfide formed iron bands on Earth. |
| What was the Huronian Glaciation? When did it happen? | A period of sporadic glaciation across the globe, 300 mya. |
| Define endosymbiotic theory. | The idea that prokaryotes are the reason eukaryotes developed. |
| Describe the process of endosymbiotic theory. | Big ancient cell eats smaller cell that contains a chloroplast or mitochondria and the parent cell utilizes that after absorbing the smaller cell. |
| What are the four subgroups of Eukaryotic cells? | Plantae, fungi, animalia, and protista. |
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