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U1, Per: ?, Ch. 3
1st colonies in North America & resulting wars
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| name the first few English Colonies in chronological order | jamestown (Virginia, 1607) -1st permanent English plymouth (1620) massachusetts Bay ( puritans) maryland (catholic) Connecticuit ( Puritian) rhode Island ( Roger Williams) Caroline (plantation) New york Pannsylvania (1681, quakers) |
| Date: economy: mother country: location: Religion: Founder/government: Relationship with natives : initial hardships: | |
| Maryland | -first to formalize laws governing slavery -granted to Lord Baltimore (a proprietor) -refuge for English Catholics -offered religious freedom to Christians |
| Caribbean | |
| New Netherlands | Dutch Colony -in present day New York & w/ Manhattan Island called called New Amsterdam -trading base for the fur trade - diverse- various languages and religions |
| Why was North America largely ignored by Europeans in the (year- you should know this) | 1500s |
| Purpose of Jamestown development | The Virginia Company sent men to find riches, a shortcut to Asia, and to build settlements in North America |
| Reasons for Jamestown's initial struggles & how they overcome them | -poor water source -conflict with the natives |
| John Smith | -leader of Jamestown (also English soldier and explorer) -"he who does not work shall not eat" -established trade from the Powhatan confederacy -left Jamestown before the starving time |
| Starving time | -1609-1610 -causes: Powhatan stopped trading, winter was harsh, Virginia company had trouble sending food -almost completely wiped out Jamestown colony |
| Powhatan | -native tribe near Jamestown -initially helped with the towns survival and established peaceful relations |
| Why did the King (know his name) decide to send protestant extremists (know them) to the Americas? | King James of England Puritans and Separatists -need for agricultural labor in North America |
| Prilgrims | -group of English separatists -sailed on Mayflower -1st Thanksgiving -settled in Plymouth in 1620 -Squanto (Indian) introduced them to various food sources (period of peace celebrated by the 1st Thanksgiving in 1621) |
| Massachusetts Bay Company | -Puritan joint-stock company - |
| John Wnthrop | -led the Puritans to present-day Boston (Massachusetts Bay Colony) -wanted religious freedom -aimed to create a "City upon a hill" to serve as a model religious colony for England -stressed education (important to understand the Bible) |
| How did the Massachusetts Bay colony separate or change | 1. Puritans across the Connecticut River formed their own colony -WHAT THEY DISAGREED ON 2. Plymouth was absorbed by the Massachusetts Bay |
| Connecticut Colony | -founded by Thomas Hooker -puritans wanted religious freedom -Fundamental orders of Connecticut |
| Roger Williams | -founded Providence (Rhode Island) - banished from Massachusetts Bay (promoting the separation of church and state) |
| Anne Hutchinson | -her and her followers settled in Portsmouth, Rhode Island -banished from Massachusetts -claimed to receive direct revelations from God -taught that salvation came through God's grace alone |
| Big picture ideas | -compare & contrast the colonies -affect the colonies had on each other |
| halfway covanet | -Massachusetts -caused by the strict nature of the church membership & decline of religious importance to American-born -expanded church membership by ____ -allowed more people to vote |
| George Calvert | -established 1st proprietary colony (north of Virginia, Maryland), safe heaven for Catholics, freedom of religion to attract settlers, copied Virginia (head-right system to cultivate tobacco) |
| head right system | -Jamestown (Virginia) and Maryland -aimed to attract new settlers and address labor shortages -anyone who paid for either their passage or another's to the colony got 50 acres for each head -wealthy used system to bring indentured servants |
| indentured servants | -people who agreed to work for a certain number of years in exchange for passage to the New world |
| New York | -1664 -Duke of York (brother of King Charles II) sent a fleet to seize new Amsterdam (there was little resistance because __) -renamed New York |
| Why was New York one of England's most valuable North American colonies | -New York harbor --> shipping and trade -access to the Hudson River -major trading center |
| Pennsylvania | -established by William Penn -safe haven for Quakers -1682 -religious freedom |
| Quakers | form of Christianity w/ no clergy, equal rights of women, pacifism -society of friends |
| Carolina | -established by king Charles II - wanted to reward supporters & keep Spain from expanding into English territory -Northern: small farmers South: large RICE & indigo plantation owners -large slave pop. -two sections officially split in 1729 |
| Georgia | -founded by James Oglethorpe -second chance colony for debtors in England -1733 -buffer between Spanish Florida & rest of English colonies |
| State of Slavery in North American colonies | -could either remain a slave for life or climb the social latter (even own land) -became an urban institution with work that was servant-like |
| Anthony Johnson | |
| relationship between Powhatan tribe and Jamestown settlers | -colony reliant on natives for food & supplies -settlers wanted to expand (population increased) & more resources -during Starving time, natives stopped trading & surrounded & blocked settlers -survivors considered abandoning |
| Why was tobacco so essential to Jamestown | -saved the colony after Powhatan stopped trading, (shift from trade w/ Indians to agriculture using English servants & African slaves) -head-right system & slavery 1st introduced here -created a large economic gap between wealthy & poor in Chesapeake |
| Mayflower Compact | -agreement signed by pilgrims aboard the Mayflower before settling into Plymouth -created agreed to work together for the good of the colony & create laws -self government short agreement |
| First Thanksgiving | -Plymouth colony -1621 -colonists & Wampanoag people participated in a week long feast after harvest -their relationship deteriorated decades later when colonists began expanding |
| Fundamental orders of Connecticut | -puritan -1639 -a written plan for self government (established an elected government -detailed structured government |
| Richard Hakluyt | -late 1500s -English writer and promoter of colonization (could provide resources and markets) -wanted to compete with Spain |
| Pocahontas | -saved John Smith's life -daughter of Powhatan |
| Puritans | wanted to purify the Church of England by removing practices they believed were too similar to Catholicism |
| Separatists | English protestants who believed the church of England was to corrupt to reform and wanted to separate from it completely |
| James Oglethorpe | -founder of Georgia colony -intended it as a place for debtors and poor people |
| Samuel de Champlain | french explorer and colonizer who helped establish New France in North America -"father of new France" -founded Quebec, focused heavily on fur trade -New France was constantly under threat of Iroquois (who allied with the English) |
| Halfway Covenant | |
| Proprietary Colony | |
| Patroons | |
| William Penn | -proprietor |
| Why did England stop raiding Spanish ships (pirates) | -England began wanting more than Spanish treasure & decided to gain land, resources, trade and permanent economic benefits through colonies -England defeated the Spanish Armada, reducing Spain's ability to prevent them -Hakluyt |
| How was the Georgia colony a buffer | |
| Montreal | -French settlement in New France -1642 -along the St. Lawrence River -NOT founded by Champlain -fur trading |
| Quebec | -1608 -along the St. Lawrence River -major part of the fur trade -capitol of New France |
| Why was New Orleans so important to France | gave them dominance over the Mississippi River trade network |
| Civil War in England causes | Charles I strictly adhered to Anglicization while the Parliament was Puritan -conflict over who should have the most power: King or parliament (Royalists AKA Cavaliers supported king & parliamentarians AKA round heads supported Parliament) -1640s |
| Civil War in England effects | -fueled English migration into the Americas -Charles I was beheaded and England was without a monarch until 1660 (temporarily a republic) when Charles II rose & established more colonies in North America |
| Conflicts between Massachusetts Colony and Indians causes | -tension due to rarity of intermarriage -reluctance of natives to convert to Christianity -growing European populations |
| Oliver Cromwell | |
| King Philip's War causes | -1675-1676 -between New England colonists & Native Americas (led by Metacom who the English called King Philip) -colonists kept expnding onto native land (natives felt pressure fron English settlement and laws) -tension over trade & land |
| King Philip's War effects | -destructive -weakened natives communities -metacom killed & resistance collapsed -colonists gained greater control over native lands (natives killed, displaced, or forced to submission) -one of deadlist conflicts in colonial american history |
| Great Swamp Fight in 1675 | -conflict of annihilation (intent of each side was to destroy each other) -major battle (King Philip's war) in fortified Narragansett settlement (present day Rhode Island) -in the winter, colonists attacked fort & destroyed settlement |
| metacom | -led the Native Americans against New England in King Philip's War -the colonists called him King Philip -organized resistance against colonies -began the war by attacking colonial settlements |
| Nathaniel Bacon | wealthy Virginia colonist who led Bacon's rebellion -built a retaliatory militia to combat the natives |
| Bacon's Rebellion causes | -1676 -uprising against Virginia's colonial gov. -wanted protection from native attacks on frontier & native land (economic expansion) -angry @ governor William Berkeley; wanted peace w/ natives, accused of prioritizing his economic interests |
| Bacon's Rebellion (what happened) | -Bacon & followers attacked native american communities -Berkeley declares bacon an outlaw & followers burned Jamestown (Berkeley temp. flees) -bacon died from illness & the rebellion collapsed |
| Bacon's Rebellion efffects | -revealed tension between wealthy elites and poorer colonists (most of the land was concentrated amount the wealthy elite) -afterward, Virginia relied more on slave labor because elites wanted more controllable labor (not angered indentured servants) |
| Fur trade | -Colonists demand for beaver furs increased -increased competition among natives (had European weapons to destroy each other) |
| effect of fur trade on colonists | accelerated the development of french in North America (Quebec & Montreal) |
| Louis Joliet & Jacques Marquette | -Louis was fur trader & Jacques was Jesuit missionary -french -wanted to find a passage from the Great Lakes to Pacific Ocean -1670s -discovered villages like Chicago -explored upper Mississippi Rv (first non-natives) & didn't reach the end |
| La Mobile | -french settlement established in 1670s when Louis Joliet & Jacques Marquette explored the mouth of the Mississippi Rv & claimed it for France |
| New Orleans | french settlement (1670s) - Robert De La Salle explored the mouth of Mississippi Rv & claimed it for France -enslaved Africans brought to Louisiana for both urban & plantation work (domestic labor, worked in city VS plantations) |
| Santa Fe | -Spanish city -capital of Spanish New Mexico -established missions to convert natives -attempted to control native communities |
| Pueblo Revolt (what happened) | -1680 -indigenous uprising against Spanish rule in New Mexico -pope coordinated rebellion -attacked Spanish settlements and missions -surrounded Santa Fe & forced Spanish to flee |
| Pueblo Revolt causes | -tried to convert the pueblo peoples to Christianity (suppressed Pueblo religious practices) -Spanish required forced labor and goods -Spanish punished pueblo religious leaders |
| Pueblo Revolt effects | -Pueblo people regained control of New Mexico for 12 yrs -Spain conquered Mexico in 1692 -Spanish took a more accommodating approach |
| San Antonio | -Spanish city -established to strengthen Spanish control of Texas (deter French invasions) |
| Why did the Spanish establish a series of forts in California? | to deter the incursion of the english and Russians |
| The English Restoration | -1660 -when England brought the monarchy back after a period without a king -Charles II 9encouraged English colonization) becomes king after Oliver Cromwell rules England as commonwealth |
| Robert De La Salle | -French -traveled along the Mississippi River -renamed the mouth of the Rv Louisiana after kind Louis XVI |
| Pequot War | |
| Coureurs de bois |
Created by:
Blessed Rectangle 11