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Chapter 1 Gen Chem
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | something that occupies space and has mass. This includes air! Can be liquid, solid, or gas |
| Pure Substance | constant uniform composition and unchanging properties throughout |
| Mixtures | physical combination of 2+ substances |
| Elements | can be composed of 1+ atoms of the same type (Cu, O2, O3) |
| Compounds | pure substance made up of 2+ different types of atoms in a fixed chemical combo (CuO, H2O,NH3) |
| Diatomic element | has two of the same kind of atom, O2 |
| Chemical Formula | symbolic way to represent the composition of a substance. Includes H2O, O2, CuO. Reveals elements (H,O,etc.) and atomic ratio (subscript) |
| Metals | good conductor of heat and electricity. Solid at room temperature and shiny |
| Non metals | poor conductor of heat and electricity. Can be gas, liquid, or solid |
| Metalloids | intermediate electrical conductivity, a semiconductor |
| Period | a row on the periodic table in order of increasing atomic number, highest at the bottom and lowest at the top. |
| Group | vertical column, similar chemical properties |
| Group 1A | alkali metals, not including hydrogen |
| Group 2A | alkaline earth metals |
| Group 7A | halogens, non metals |
| Group 8A | noble gases, least reactive |
| Molecule | fixed # of atoms held together by chemical bonds, can be the same or different (O2, H2O) |
| Allotropes | atoms of the same element arranged in different ways |
| Example of allotropes | carbon shows up as soft (graphite), hard (diamonds) |
| Oxides | contains at least one oxygen element combined with another (SiO2) |
| Molecular compound | 2+ non metals (C3H8) |
| Fe3+O4 and Fe2+O4 are... | different compounds |
| Ionic compound | metal and non metal (NaCl) |
| Nano | symbol: n x factor: 10^-9 |
| Micro | symbol: weird n x factor: 10^-6 |
| Milli | symbol: m x factor: 10^-3 |
| Kilo | symbol: k x factor: 10^3 |
| Mega | symbol: M x factor: 10^6 |
| Scientific notation | expresses # in a x10^n a = #1-10, negative n = less than 1, positive n = more than 1 |
| conversion factors | ratio of two equivalent quantities in different measurements |
| format of coverisons | original unit in the bottom of the fraction, the fraction must be equivalent quantities |
| an atom contains a small nucleus with positively charged | protons |
| an atom contains a nucleus with neutral charged | neurons |
| what is in the nucleus | protons and neutrons |
| the nucleus is surrounded by a large volume of space with negatively charged | electrons |
| mass of proton and neutron | 1 |
| mass of electron | about 0 |
| Atomic number = | number of protons |
| Mass number = | protons + neutrons |
| Number of neutrons = | Atomic mass - atomic number |
| If iron has 26 protons and a mass of 56 how many neutrons and electrons are there? | 26 electrons and 30 neutrons |
| calculate mass percent of iron in Fe2 O3 | 69.94% |
| significant figures | a # representing accuracy |
| how many significant figures in 84.90 | 4 digits |
| how many significant figures in 800 | 1 digit |
| how many significant figures in 120.0 | 4 digits |
| how many significant figures in 101 | 3 digits |
| how many significant figures in 0.00051 | 2 digits |
| how should addition and subtraction problems be rounded? | they should round based off the number that has the least amount of decimal points |
| how should multiplication and division problems be rounded? | they should be rounded based off the number that has the least amount of significant figures |
| accuracy | how close measurements are to the true value (are the arrows near the target?) |
| precision | how close measurements are to each other (are the arrows clustered around each other?) |
| where do we live in the earth atmosphere? That is also the lowest and the most dense | troposphere |
| Air is... | a homogenous mixture that contains N2, O2, Argon, CO2, and H2O |
| how do you find the decimal composition of gas in the air? | volume of gas/volume of air |
| how do you find ppm composition of gas in the air? | volume of gas/volume of air x 10^6 |
| how do you find ppb composition of gas in the air? | volume of gas/volume of air x 10^9 |
| CH4 | Methane |
| C2H6 | Ethane |
| C3H8 | Propane |
| C4H10 | Butane |
| C5H12 | Pentane |
| C6H14 | Hexane |
| C7H16 | Heptane |
| C8H18 | Octane |
| Naming molecular compounds: 1 | mono |
| Naming molecular compounds: 2 | di |
| Naming molecular compounds: 3 | tri |
| Naming molecular compounds: 4 | tetra |
| Naming molecular compounds: 5 | penta |
| Naming molecular compounds: 6 | hexa |
| Naming molecular compounds: 7 | hepta |
| Naming molecular compounds: 8 | octa |
| Naming molecular compounds: 9 | nona |
| Naming molecular compounds: 10 | dexa |
| chemical reactions | processes that occur when substances, described as reactants, are transformed into different substances called products |
| Law of Conservation of Mass and Matter | the mass of reactants consumed must = mass of products formed |
| Balanced Chemical Equations | # of atoms for each element involved in the reaction are on reactant and product side |
| How to balance equations | balance elements in just one compound first and do the element in 2+ compounds last |
Created by:
user-2020714