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AP psych 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| action potential | a neural impulse that travels down an axon |
| afferent neurons | neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord; also known as sensory neurons |
| all-or-none response | a neuron's reaction of either firing or not firing |
| amygdala | a limbic system structure involved in memory and emotion, particularly fear and aggression. |
| brain stem | Connects the brain and spinal cord |
| cerebellum | the "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem that coordinates movement and balance |
| cerebral cortex | outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain |
| corpus callosum | a broad band of nerve fibers joining the two hemispheres of the brain. |
| depolarization | the process during the action potential when sodium is rushing into the cell causing the interior to become more positive. |
| efferent neurons | neurons that carry signals from the spinal cord to the muscles to produce move-ment; also known as motor neurons |
| frontal lobe | the portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments |
| hippocampus | A neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage |
| interneurons | central nervous system neurons that internally communicate and intervene be-tween the sensory inputs and motor outputs |
| lesioning | removal or destruction of part of the brain |
| limbic system | neural system that includes the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus. lo-cated below the cerebral hemispheres |
| medulla | an extension of the spinal cord into the skull that coordinates heart rate, circulation, and respiration |
| motor cortex | area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements |
| MRI | a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-gen-erated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue; allows us to see structures within the brain |
| myelin sheath | a layer of fatty tissue encasing the fibers of many neurons that insulates and speeds the transmission of neural impulses |
| nerves | bundled axons that form neural "cables" connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs |
| neuroplasticity | the ability within the brain to constantly change both the structure and function of many cells in response to experience or trauma |
| occipital lobe | a region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information |
| parietal lobe | a region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include processing information about touch. |
| peripheral nervous system | the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body |
| pituitary gland | endocrine gland at the base of the brain; the master gland |
| prefrontal cortex | part of frontal lobe responsible for thinking, planning, and language |
| reticular activating system | part of brain stem involved in arousal and attention |
| somatic nervous system | division of the peripheral nervous system that enables voluntary actions to be undertaken due to its control of skeletal muscles |
| temporal lobe | a region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language. |
| thalamus | the brain's sensory switchboard that directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla |
| hi brynn | its bella |
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