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Body Organization
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cells | fundemental unit of life |
| all tissues/organs are formed of | cells |
| cells respond to | stimuli, engage in metabolic activity, reproduce |
| Cytology | study of cells |
| how do tissues produce movement | contracting |
| three types of muscle tissue | skeletal, smooth, cardiac |
| skeletal muscle tissue | attached to bone |
| smooth muscle tissue | found in organs |
| cardiac muscle tissue | found in heart |
| epithelial tissue | forms lining of internal organs/skin, made of close packed cells that protect, absorb, secrete, excrete wastes |
| connective tissue | supports/protects body in many different forms |
| provides protective padding | adipose |
| bone | provides structural support |
| cartilage | shock absorber in joints |
| tendons | connect skeletal muscles to bones |
| nervous tissue is composed of cells called | neurons |
| forms the brain, spinal cords, and nerves | nervous tissue |
| allows for conduction of electrical impulses between brain and rest of body | nervous tissue |
| two way barrier, aids in temp regulation | integumentary |
| includes skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sabaceous glands | integumentary |
| dermatologist | one who studies skin |
| supports/protects body, forms blood cells/stores minerals, produces movement | musculoskeletal |
| includes bones, joints, muscles | musculoskeletal |
| orthopedic | one who studies musculoskeletal system |
| pumps blood to transport nutrients, oxygen, wastes | cardiovascular |
| includes heart, arteries, veins | cardiovascular |
| cardiology | one who studies the heart |
| transports oxygen, protects against pathogens, controls bleeding | blood (hematic) |
| inclues plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets | blood (hematic) |
| hematology | study of blood |
| protects body from disease/invasion by pathogens | lymphatic |
| includes lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus gland, tonsils | lymphatic |
| immunology | one who studies lymphatic system |
| brings oxygen in, takes carbon dioxide out | respiratory |
| includes nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs | respiratory |
| otorhinolaryngology, pulmonology, thoracic surgery | respiratory |
| ingests, digests, absorbs nutrients | gastrointestinal |
| includes oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small/large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, salivary glands | gastrointestinal |
| gastroenterology, proctology | gastrointestinal |
| filters wastes from blood/removes them from body | urinary |
| includes kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra | urinary |
| nephrology, urology | urinary |
| produces eggs/provides for growing baby | female reproductive |
| includes ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, breasts | female reproductive |
| gynecology | female reproductive |
| produces sperm | male reproductive |
| includes testes, epididymis, vas defrens, penis, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland | male reproductive |
| urology | male reproductive |
| regulates metabolic activity | endocrine |
| includes pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes | endocrine |
| endocrinology | endocrine |
| recieves sensory info from body, coordinates response to that info | nervous |
| includes brain, spinal cord, nerves | nervous |
| neurology, neurosurgery | nervous |
| provides for vision and hearing | special senses |
| includes eyes and ear | special senses |
| opthalmology | special senses |
| Sagittal | Divides body into left and right (from front) |
| Frontal | also called coronal. divides body into front and back |
| transverse | also called horizontal. divides body into upper/lower |
| cross section | a slice made straight across a body part or organ |
| longitudinal | a slice made along the long axis of a structure |
| abdominal | abdomen/front of trunk |
| brachial | upper arm |
| cephalic | head |
| cervical | neck |
| crural | lower leg |
| dorsal | back of trunk |
| gluteal | buttocks |
| pelvic | pelvis/front of lower trunk |
| pubic | external genital area |
| thoracic | chest/front upper trunk |
| trunk | main body, excluding head, neck, and limbs |
| vertebral | spinal column/back of trunk |
| used to identify locations/directions | anatomical position |
| in anatomical position, the patient is... | standing erect, looking ahead, hands at sides, palms forward, legs parallel, feet and toes forward |
| medical personal always assume the patient is in what position | anatomical position |
| right upper quadrant | majority of liver, small portion of pancreas, colon, right kidney, gallbladder, small intestine |
| left upper quadrant | small portion of liver, spleen, left kidney, stomach, colon, majority of pancreas, small intestine |
| left lower quadrant | colon, small intestine, left ureter, left ovary, left fallopian tube |
| right lower quadrant | colon, small intestine, right ureter, appendix, right ovary, right fallopian tube |
| body has many pen spaces known as | cavities |
| thoracic cavity | can be divided into lungs/mediastium |
| mediastinum lies between | the lungs |
| mediastanium contains | heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea, thymus |
| most organs are inside | protective sacs |
| organs in ventral cavities are referred to as | viscera |
| viscera are in | double layered sacs |
| in thoracic cavity, the sac is the | pleura |
| in abdominopelvic cavity, the sac is the | peritoneum |
| the pleural cavity surrounds the | lungs |
| the pericardial cavity surrounds the | heart |
| directional terms help medical personnel discuss | position/location of patients complaint, describe process/organ system as it relates to another, can be grouped as pairs with opposite meanings |
| superior or cephalic | more toward head/above another structure |
| inferior/caudal | more toward feet/below another structure |
| anterior/ventral | more toward front/belly side of body |
| posterior/dorsal | more towards middle/midline of body |
| medial | more toward the middle/midline of body |
| lateral | more toward the side of body |
| proximal | nearer to the point of attachment to the body |
| distal | farther away from the point of attachment to the body |
| apex | tip/summent of organ |
| base | bottom/lower part of organ |
| superficial | more toward surface of body |
| deep | further away from surface of body |
| supine | lying horizontally facing upwards |
| prone | lying horizontally facing downwards |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| GYN | gynecology |
| LLQ | left lower quadrant |
| LUQ | left upper quadrant |
| RLQ | right lower quadrant |
| RUQ | right upper quadrant |
| UE | upper extremity |
| CU | cardiovascular |
| pertaining to the front | anterior |
| pertaining to the leg | crural |
| pertaining to the heart and blood vessels | cardiovascular |
| pertaining to the skull | cranial |
| pertaining to the pleura | pleural |
| pertaining to the genital region | pubic |
| pertaining to the lymph | lymphatic |
| pertaining to the spine | spinal |
| pertaining to above | superior |
| pertaining to the chest | thoracic |
| pertaining to the vertebrae | vertebral |
| pertaining to the internal organs | visceral |
| pertaining to the epithelium | epithelial |
| pertaining to the belly side of the body | ventral |
Created by:
Kimberly0203