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CH3-P&H
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| apocrine glands | coiled structures attached to hair follicles found in the underarm (axillary) and genital areas; secrete sweat |
| arrector pili muscle | small, involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goose bumps when the appendage contracts |
| barrier function | protective barrier of the epidermis; the corneum and intercellular matrix protect the surface from irritation and dehydration |
| bilayers | a tin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules; these membranes are flat sheets that form a continuous barrier around all cells |
| ceramides | glycolipid materials that are a natural part of the skins intercellular matrix and barrier function |
| collagen | fibrous, connective tissue made up from protein; found in the reticular layer of the dermis; gives skin its firmness; topically, a large long-chain molecular protein that lies on top of the skin and binds water; derived from the placentas of cows...ect |
| couperose | redness; capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger, or distended, blood vessels; commonly seen with telangiectasia |
| corneocytes | stratum corneum cell; hardened, waterproof, protective keratinocytes; these "dead" protein cells are dried out and lack nuclei |
| dermal papillae | membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis; contains nerve endings and supplies nourishment through capillaries to skin and follicles |
| dermis | also known as the derma, corium, cutis, or true skin; support layer of the connective tissue, collagen, and elastin below the epidermis |
| desmosomes | the structures that assist in holding cells together; intercellular connections made of proteins |
| eccrine glands | sweat glands found all over the body with opening on the skins surface through pores; not attached to hair follicles; secretions do not produce an offensive odor |
| elastin | protein fiber found in the dermis; gives skin its elasticity and firmness |
| epidermal growth factor | EGF; stimulates cells to reproduce and heal |
| epidermis | outermost layer of the skin; a thin protective layer with many cells, mechanisms, and nerve endings; is made up of five layers: stratum germinativum, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucid, and stratum corneum |
| eumelanin | a type of melanin that is dark brown to black in color; people with dark-colored skin produce mostly eumelanin; there are two type of melanin; the other type is pheomelanin |
| fibroblasts | cells that stimulate collagen production and amino acids that form proteins to aid in healing |
| follicles | hair follicles and sebaceous follicles are tubelike openings in the epidermis |
| glycation | caused by an elevation in blood sugar, glycation is the bonding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule resulting in the formation of the damaged, nonfunctioning structures known as advanced glycation and products (also known as AGES) |
| glycosaminoglycans | large protein molecules and water-binding substances found between the fibers of the dermis; GAGS are polysaccharide-protein and sugar complexes; they work to maintain and support collagen and elastin in the cellular spaces, keeping protein fibersbalanced |
| hair papillae | cone-shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fit into the hair bulb; papillae are filled with tissue that contains the blood vessels and cells necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment |
| high-energy visible light | HEV; light emitting from electronic devices, reported to penetrate the skin more deeply than UV rays; damages collagen, hyaluronic acid, and elastin |
| hyaluronic acid | hydrating fluids found in the skin; hydrophilic agent with water-binding properties |
| hydrolipidic | hydrolipidic film is an oil-water balance that protects the skins surface |
| intercellular matrix | lipid substances between corneum cells that protect the cells from water loss and irritation |
| keratin | fibrous protein of cells that is also the principal component of skin, hair, and nails; provides resiliency and protection |
| keratinocytes | epidermal cells composed of keratin, lipids, and other proteins |
| Langerhans immune cells | guard cells of the immune system that sense unrecognized foreign invaders, such as bacteria, and then process these antigens for removal through the lymph system |
| lamellar granules | organelles secreted from keratinocytes, resulting in the formation of an impermeable, lipid-containing membrane that serves as a water barrier and required for proper skin barrier function. They release components required for desquamation |
| leukocytes | white blood cells that have the enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites; also respond to allergies |
| lymph vessels | located in the dermis, supply nourishment within the skin and remove waste |
| melanin | tiny gains of pigment that are produced by melanocytes and deposited into cells in the different layers of the epidermis; a protein that determines hair, eye, and skin color; produced as a defense mechanism to protect skin from the sun |
| melanocytes | cells that produce skin pigment granules in the basal layer |
| melanosomes | pigment carrying granules that produce melanin, a complex protein |
| papillary layer | top layer of the dermis; next to the epidermis |
| phenomelanin | a type of melanin that is red and yellow in color; people with ight-colored skin produce mostly phenomelanin; two types of melanin; the other is eumelanin |
| papillary layer | top layer of the dermis; next to the epidermis |
| pores | tubelike openings for sweat glands on the epidermis |
| reticular layer | deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains fat cells, blood vessels, sudoriferous glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels, arrestor pili muscles, sebaceous glands, and nerve endings |
| rosacea | chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose and is characterized by redness, telangiectasis, and in some cases the formation of papules and pustules |
| sebaceous glands | oil glands; protect the surface of the skin; appendages connected to follicles |
| sebum | oil that provides protection for the epidermis from external factors and lubricates both the skin and the hair |
| stratum corneum | horny layer; outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of corneocytes |
| stratum germinativum | basal cell layer; active layer of the epidermis above the papillary layer of the dermis; cell mitosis takes place here to produce new epidermal skin cells (responsible for growth) |
Created by:
sabrina27