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AP pshyc 1
AP pshyc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Agonists | drugs that increase the action of a neurotransmitter |
| Antagonists | drugs that block the function of a neurotransmitter |
| Association areas | areas within each lobe of the cortex responsible for the coordination and interpretation of information, as well as higher mental processing |
| Axon | the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands |
| Cell body | part of neuron that contains the nucleus |
| CT scan | a series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body |
| Dendrites | a neuron's branchlike extensions that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body |
| Dizygotic twins | fraternal twins, occurring when two eggs each get fertilized by two different sperm |
| EEG | amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface |
| Epigenetics | the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change |
| Eugenics | the science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics |
| fMRI | a form of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain that registers blood flow to functioning areas of the brain |
| forebrain | the largest and most complicated region of the brain, including the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum. |
| genes | the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes |
| glial cells | support, nourish, and protect neurons |
| hindbrain | area of the brain that coordinates information coming into and out of the spinal cord |
| Hormones | chemicals produced by glands that regulate the activities of different body cells |
| hypothalamus | a neural structure lying below the thalamus that directs several maintenance activities and helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland |
| MEG | a noninvasive technique that detects and records the magnetic field associated with electrical activity in the brain |
| midbrain | A small part of the brain above the pons that integrates sensory information and relays it upward. |
| Monozygotic twins | identical twins formed when one zygote splits into two separate masses of cells, each of which develops into a separate embryo |
| Neurogenesis | the development of new neurons |
| neurons | individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit informa-tion. |
| Neurotransmitters | chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons |
| Parasympathetic nervous system | the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy |
| PET scan | a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task |
| Refractory period | the time following an action potential during which a new action potential cannot be initiated |
| Resting potential | e state of the neuron when not firing a neural impulse |
| Reuptake | process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles |
| somatosensory cortex | division of the peripheral nervous system that enables voluntary actions to be undertaken due to its control of skeletal muscles |
| Sympathetic nervous system | the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations |
| Synapse | the gap between neurons |
| Threshold | the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse |
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