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Psych Module 0.4-0.5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 2 things are correlated | a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and how well either factor predicts the other --> positive and negative |
| Directionality Problem | correlation shows a relationship between variables, but it cannot determine which variable causes the other |
| Zero Correlation | no relationship whatsoever between the two variables |
| p value | probability that the difference between the 2 groups (experimental + control) are due to chance --> smaller the p value, the more significant the results |
| Scatterplot | a graphed cluster of dots --> reps the values of 2 variables |
| Correlation Coefficient | degree of relationship between the two variables |
| Illusory Correlation | perceiving a relationship where none exists (no correlation) --> perceiving a stronger-than-actual relationship |
| Regression to the Mean | the tendency for extreme scores or events to fall back toward the average |
| How can experiments establish cause + effect? | 1. manipulating the factors of interest 2. holding constant ("controlling") other factors |
| Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) | a scientific experiment that compares the effects of different treatments or interventions on similar participants |
| Random Assignment | assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance |
| Single Blind | the participants in the study are uninformed about the treatment, if any, they are receiving |
| Double Blind | The participants and the researcher are uninformed about which group receives the treatment and which does not |
| Placebo | an inert treatment (pill) without any medication inside |
| Placebo Effect | causes experimental results simply from expectations or assumptions that medication is being taken |
| Experimenter Bias | any systematic errors in the research process or the interpretation of its results that are attributable to a researcher's behavior preconceived belief, expectancies, or desires about results |
| Confound Variable | a factor other than the factor being studied that might influence a study's results |
| What prevents Confounding variables? | random assignment |
| Effect size | any of various measures of the magnitude or meaningfulness of a relationship between two variables |
| Experimental Validity | the extent to which a test or experiment measures or predicts what it is supposed to |
| Meta Analysis | A statistical procedure for analyzing the results of multiple studies to reach overall conclusions |
| 5 steps of Ethical Guidelines | informed consent/assent, protection from harm, debriefing, right to withdraw, confidentiality |
| Creative steps to research | design each study, measure target behaviors, interpret the results |
| Why do Psychologists study animals? | fascinating to study, teach us about humans, often have simpler systems |
| Consent | "Are you willing to participate in this experiment?" |
| Informed Consent | tells you everything that's going on during the experiment |
| Debriefing | when temporary deception is necessary, it must be fully explained at the conclusion of the experiment |
| deception | the true purpose can't be revealed because it would influence results |
Created by:
lilli.spears1