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DNA & Chromosomes
core course lecture 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| nucleotide nomenclature for DNA with adenine base | deoxyadenosine monophosphate |
| nucleotide nomenclature for DNA with thymine base | deoxythymidine monophosphate |
| nucleotide nomenclature for RNA with uracil base | uridine monophosphate |
| nucleotide nomenclature for RNA with guanine base | guanosine monophosphate |
| nucleoside nomenclature for DNA with cytosine base | deoxycytidine |
| what does a nucleoside contain? | sugar & base |
| three components of a nucleotide | phosphate, pentose sugar, & nitrogenous base |
| what does chargraff's rule tell us? | total amount of purines will be the same as the total amount of pyramidines |
| prokaryote characteristics | no nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles, simple structure unicellular organisms |
| which bond type makes a nucleoside? | glycosidic bond, the sugar to base connection |
| what allows mRNA to leave the nuclear core? | nuclear pores in the inner membrane |
| B-DNA form characteristics | medium length helical turns, right-handed, most common in normal physiological environments |
| A-DNA form characteristics | most condensed helical turns, right-handed, occurs under dehydrated conditions as a crystal |
| Z-DNA form characteristics | left-handed, longest length helical turns, occurs under high-salt concentrations or extraneous circumstances |
| stop codons | UAA, UAG, UGA |
| start codon | AUG, methionine |
| standard number of chromosomes in a human somatic cell | 23 pairs, or 46 chromosomes |
| somatic chromosomes are called | autosomes |
| sex chromosomes are called | gonosomes |
| polyploidy meaning and cause | mistakes during fertilization can cause more than two sets of chromosomes genome-wide |
| aneuploidy | umbrella term for when chromosome number isn't an exact multiple of the haploid set due to meiosis mistakes |
| monosomy meaning and cause | missing one chromosome from a pair due to meiosis mistakes |
| trisomy meaning and cause | one extra chromosome due to meiosis mistakes |
| histones that DNA wraps around | H2A, H2B, H3, H4 |
| histone that holds wrapping structure together | H1 |
| transcriptionally active genes along the chromosome arms in the inner nucleus | euchromatin |
| transcriptionally repressed genes along the centromeres and telomeres near the periphery of the nucleus | heterochromatin |
| sequences of DNA packing structures | double helix to nucleosomes to solenoids to chromatin |
| Watson & Crick discoveries | right-handed double helix structure w/complementary base pairings, 10.4 bps per helical turn, and semi-conservative replication |
| meaning of semi-conservative replication | each daughter helix has one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand |
Created by:
ae.walls