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AP Government Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Article 1 Section 8 Clause 18 | Gave Congress implied powers AKA the elastic clause |
| Declaration of Independence | July 4, 1776 Declared 13 colonies free and independent from Great Britain |
| Shays’ Rebellion | Farmers in western Massachusetts, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out. |
| Articles of Confederation | First plan of US Government that set up a weak central government |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | One of the first and most important Supreme Court cases on federal power. Congress has implied powers, the “Necessary and Proper” Clause gave Congress the power to establish a national bank |
| New Jersey Plan | A proposal at the Constitutional Convention for a central government with a single-house legislature in which each state would be represented equally. Supported by small states |
| Virginia Plan | Initial proposal at the Constitutional Convention for a strong central government with a bicameral legislature dominated by the big states |
| Connecticut (Great) Compromise | Compromise agreement by states at the Constitutional Convention for a bicameral legislature with a lower house in which representation would be based on population and an upper house in which each state would have two senators |
| Three-fifths Compromise | Compromise between northern and southern states at the Constitutional Convention that three-fifths or 60% of the slave population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives |
| Brutus I | An Anti-Federalist essay that argued against a strong central government, based on the belief that it would not be able to meet the needs of all US citizens |
| Federalist | Supporters of ratification of the Constitution and of a strong central government |
| Anti-federalist | Opponents of the ratification of the Constitution and of a strong central government |
| US v. Lopez | The Supreme Court ruled that Congress had exceeded its constitutional authority under the Commerce Clause when it passed a law prohibiting gun possession in local school zones |
| Checks and Balances | Enables each of the three branches of government to check some acts of the others and therefore ensure that no branch can dominate |
| Federalist 10 | An essay written by James Madison, in which he argues that a strong central government will control the effects of factions |
| Federalist 51 | Appropriate checks and balances can be created in government and also advocates a separation of powers within the national government |
| Grants in Aid | Funds given by congress to state and local governments (important form of federal influence) |
| Necessary and proper clause | Congress power to make “all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution” other federal powers |
| Republicanism | a form of government in which the power is held by the people, either directly or through elected representatives |
| Pluralism | A society in which many different groups with many different opinions and viewpoints all have to coexist and work with each other in the political sphere |
| Separation of powers | Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the legislative branch making law, the executive applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the law |
| Enumerated powers | The powers specifically listed in the US Constitution that are granted to the national government |
| Implied powers | Powers not listed that allow Congress to carry out its functions. Necessary and proper clause – (Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18) |
| No Child Left Behind | States must adopt education accountability standards, states must annually test students, sanctions against schools that fail to meet adequate yearly process |
| Block grants | A grant from the federal government that a local/state government can allocate to a wide range of services; it is generally broad with what it can be used for, have few strings attached |
| Federalism | A system of government where power is divided between the national/central government and state governments |
| USA Patriot Act | Strengthens the federal government's power to conduct surveillance, perform searches, and detain individuals in order to combat terrorism |
Created by:
KellFoster