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Psych Vocab 5
Open stax chapter 5 key terms YIPEEEE
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absolute Threshold | Minimum stimulus energy that must be present for stimulus to be detected 50% of the time |
| Afterimage | Continuation of visual image after removal of the stimulus (seeing it) |
| Amplitude | Height of a wave |
| Basilar Membrane | Thin strip of tissue in the cochlea containing hair cells that receive sound signals |
| Binaural Cue | Two-eared cue that localizes sound |
| Binocular Cue | Cue that uses both eyes |
| Binocular Disparity | Slightly different view in each eye |
| Blind Spot | Point in visual field we cannot respond to or take in as stimulus |
| Bottom-Up Processing | Perceptions are built from sensory input |
| Closure | Organizing our perceptions into complete objects rather than a collection of parts |
| Cochlea | Fluid-filled snail like structure containing receptors for sound |
| Cochlear Implant | Electronic device with a mic, speech processer and electrode array that stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit sound to the brain |
| Conductive Hearing Loss | Failure in the vibration of the eardrum and/or movement of the ossicles |
| Cone | Photoreceptor that works best in bright light conditions. Detects color. |
| Congenital Deafness | Deafness from birth |
| Congenital Insensitivity to Pain (Congenital Analgesia) | Genetic disorder that results in the inability to experience pain |
| Cornea | Transparent covering of eye |
| Deafness | Partial or complete inability to hear |
| Decibel (dB) | Logarithmic unit of sound intensity |
| Depth Perception | Ability to percieve depth |
| Electromagnetic Spectrum | All electromagnetic radiation in our environment |
| Figure-Ground Relationship | Segments our visual world into figure and ground |
| Fovea | Indentation in the retina that contains cones |
| Frequency | Number of waves that pass a certain point in a certain amount of time |
| Gestalt Psychology | Based on the idea that the whole is different from the sum of its parts |
| Good continuation | We are more likely to perceive continuous, smooth, flowing lines than jagged and broken ones |
| Hair Cell | Auditory Receptor cell in the inner ear |
| Herts (hZ) | Cycles per second- measure of frequency |
| Inattentional Blindness | Failure to notice something completely visible due to lack of attention |
| Incus | Middle ear muscle. Aka anvil |
| Inflammatory Pain | Signal some sort of tissue damage has occurred |
| Interaural Level Difference | Sound from one side of the body is most intense in closest ear due to attenuation of sound wave |
| Interaural Timing Difference | Small difference in the time the sound wave arrives at each ear |
| Iris | Colored portion of eye |
| Just Noticeable Difference | Difference in stimuli required to notice the difference |
| Kinesthesia | Perception of body's movement through space |
| Lens | Curved, transparent structure that focuses light entering the eye |
| Linear Perspective | Perceptive depth in an image when parallel lines seem to converge |
| Malleus | Middle ear ossicle. "the hammer" |
| Meissner's Corpuscle | Touch receptor for pressure and low frequency vibrations |
| Ménière's disease | results in a degeneration of inner ear structures that can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and an increase in pressure within the inner ear |
| Merkel’s disk | touch receptor that responds to light touch |
| monaural cue | one-eared cue to localize sound |
| monocular cue | cue that requires only one eye |
| neuropathic pain | pain from damage to neurons of either the peripheral or central nervous system |
| nociception | sensory signal indicating potential harm and maybe pain |
| olfactory bulb | bulb-like structure at the tip of the frontal lobe, where the olfactory nerves begin |
| olfactory receptor | sensory cell for the olfactory system |
| opponent-process theory of color perception | color is coded in opponent pairs: black-white, yellow-blue, and red-green |
| optic chiasm | X-shaped structure that sits just below the brain’s ventral surface; represents the merging of the optic nerves from the two eyes and the separation of information from the two sides of the visual field to the opposite side of the brain |
| optic nerve | carries visual information from the retina to the brain |
| ossicles | three tiny bones in the middle ear consisting of the malleus, incus, and stapes |
| Pacinian corpuscle | touch receptor that detects transient pressure and higher frequency vibrations |
| pattern perception | ability to discriminate among different figures and shapes |
| peak | (also, crest) highest point of a wave |
| perception | way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced |
| perceptual hypothesis | educated guess used to interpret sensory information |
| pheromone | chemical message sent by another individual |
| photoreceptor | light-detecting cell |
| pinna | visible part of the ear that protrudes from the head |
| pitch | perception of a sound’s frequency |
| place theory of pitch perception | different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies |
| principle of closure | organize perceptions into complete objects rather than as a series of parts |
| proprioception | perception of body position |
| proximity | things that are close to one another tend to be grouped together |
| pupil | small opening in the eye through which light passes |
| retina | light-sensitive lining of the eye |
| rod | specialized photoreceptor that works well in low light conditions |
| Ruffini corpuscle | touch receptor that detects stretch |
| sensation | what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor |
| sensorineural hearing loss | failure to transmit neural signals from the cochlea to the brain |
| sensory adaptation | not perceiving stimuli that remain relatively constant over prolonged periods of time |
| signal detection theory | change in stimulus detection as a function of current mental state |
| similarity | things that are alike tend to be grouped together |
| stapes | middle ear ossicle; also known as the stirrup |
| subliminal message | message presented below the threshold of conscious awareness |
| taste bud | grouping of taste receptor cells with hair-like extensions that protrude into the central pore of the taste bud |
| temporal theory of pitch perception | sound’s frequency is coded by the activity level of a sensory neuron |
| thermoception | temperature perception |
| timbre | refers to a sound’s quality; impacted by the interplay of frequency, amplitude, and timing of sound waves |
| top-down processing | interpretation of sensations is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts |
| transduction | conversion from sensory stimulus energy to action potential |
| trichromatic theory of color perception | color vision is mediated by the activity across the three groups of cones |
| trough | lowest point of a wave |
| tympanic membrane | eardrum |
| umami | taste for monosodium glutamate |
| vertigo | spinning sensation |
| vestibular sense | contributes to our ability to maintain balance and body posture |
| visible spectrum | portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that we can see |
| wavelength | length of a wave from one peak to the next peak |
Created by:
aims2willi