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Sonography
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anechoic | Without echoes; appears black on the image (e.g., fluid) |
| Frequency (MHz) | Number of sound wave cycles per second; higher = better resolution but less penetration |
| Ultrasound | High-frequency sound waves used to create real-time images of internal structures |
| Pulsed Doppler | Doppler mode measuring blood flow velocity at a specific location |
| Hypoechoic | Produces fewer echoes than surrounding tissue; appears darker |
| Cine Loop | Short sequence of stored ultrasound frames played back like a video clip |
| Attenuation | Weakening of amplitude or intensity as a sound wave travels through a medium |
| TGC (Time Gain Compensation) | Selective adjustment of brightness at specific depths to create a uniform image |
| Echogenicity | Ability of tissue to reflect ultrasound waves and produce echoes |
| Echo | Reflected sound wave that returns to the transducer after interacting with tissue |
| Resolution | Ability to distinguish two separate structures |
| Acoustic Window | Body surface area where the ultrasound beam can enter with minimal obstruction |
| Homogenous | Uniform texture or echo pattern throughout a structure |
| Isoechoic | Same echogenicity as surrounding tissues; blends in |
| Heterogenous | Mixed or varied texture/echo pattern within a structure |
| Gain | Overall brightness control of the image; adjusts amplification of all returning echoes |
| Artifact | Image feature that does not represent true anatomy (e.g., shadowing, enhancement) |
| Depth | Adjusts how deep the ultrasound image extends into the body |
| Hyperechoic | Produces more echoes than surrounding tissue; appears brighter |
| Focus | Region where ultrasound beam is narrowest, producing clearest resolution |
| Zoom | Enlarges a selected region of interest for closer evaluation |
| Dual (Split Screen) | Displays two images side-by-side for comparison |
| Doppler/Color Gain | Controls sensitivity of Doppler or color imaging; too high = noise, too low = missed flow |
| Color Doppler | Displays blood flow direction and velocity using color coding |
| Transducer/Probe | Correct match: Handheld device that sends ultrasound waves and receives returning echoes |