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Biology: Chapter 1
Study of Life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abstract | opening section of a scientific paper that summarizes the research and conclusions |
| applied science | form of science that aims to solve real-world problems |
| atom | smallest and most fundamental unit of matter that retains the properties of an element |
| basic science | science that seeks to expand knowledge and understanding regardless of the short-term application of that knowledge |
| biochemistry | study of the chemistry of biological organisms |
| biology | the study of life |
| biosphere | collection of all the ecosystems on Earth |
| botany | study of plants |
| cell | smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living things |
| cell theory | all living organisms are composed of cells. Cells only arise from previous cells and are not generated spontaneously. |
| community | set of populations inhabiting a particular area |
| conclusion | section of a scientific paper that summarizes the importance of the experimental findings |
| control | part of an experiment that does not change during the experiment |
| descriptive science | (also, discovery science) form of science that aims to observe, explore, and investigate |
| discussion | section of a scientific paper in which the author interprets experimental results, describes how variables may be related, and attempts to explain the phenomenon in question |
| ecosystem | all the living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, nonliving parts of that environment |
| eukaryote | organism with cells that have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles |
| evolution | the process of gradual change in a population or species over time |
| falsifiable | able to be disproven by experimental results |
| homeostasis | ability of an organism to maintain constant internal conditions |
| hypothesis | suggested explanation for an observation, which one can test |
| hypothesis-based science | form of science that begins with a specific question and potential testable answers |
| introduction | opening section of a scientific paper, which provides background information about what was known in the field prior to the research reported in the paper |
| life science | field of science, such as biology, that studies living things |
| macromolecule | large molecule, typically formed by the joining of smaller molecules |
| materials and methods | section of a scientific paper that includes a complete description of the substances, methods, and techniques that the researchers used to gather data |
| microbiology | study of the structure and function of microorganisms |
| molecular biology | study of biological processes and their regulation at the molecular level, including interactions among molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins |
| molecule | chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by one or more chemical bonds |
| natural science | field of science that is related to the physical world and its phenomena and processes |
| neurobiology | study of the biology of the nervous system |
| organ | collection of related tissues grouped together performing a common function |
| organ system | level of organization that consists of functionally related interacting organs |
| organelle | small structures that exist within cells and carry out cellular functions |
| organism | individual living entity |
| paleontology | study of life’s history by means of fossils |
| peer-reviewed manuscript | scientific paper that a scientist’s colleagues review who are experts in the field of study |
| phylogenetic tree | diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in genetic or physical traits or both; in essence, a hypothesis concerning evolutionary connections |
| physical science | field of science, such as geology, astronomy, physics, and chemistry, that studies nonliving matter |
| plagiarism | using other people’s work or ideas without proper citation, creating the false impression that those are the author’s original ideas |
| population | all of the individuals of a species living within a specific area |
| prokaryote | single-celled organism that lacks organelles and does not have nuclei surrounded by a nuclear membrane |
| results | section of a scientific paper in which the author narrates the experimental findings and presents relevant figures, pictures, diagrams, graphs, and tables, without any further interpretation |
| review article | paper that summarizes and comments on findings that were published as primary literature |
| science | knowledge that covers general truths or the operation of general laws, especially when acquired and tested by the scientific method |
| scientific method | method of research with defined steps that include observation, formulation of a hypothesis, testing, and confirming or falsifying the hypothesis |
| theory | tested and confirmed explanation for observations or phenomena |
| tissue | group of similar cells carrying out related functions |
| variable | part of an experiment that the experimenter can vary or change |
| zoology | study of animals |
| Compare and contrast applied and basic science | BASIC aims to expand knowledge regardless of short-term application (foundation) APPLIED aims to use science to solve immediate problems |
| Describe the parts of a scientific manuscript including what is found in each part | abstract [summary], introduction [background/purpose], methods [how?], results [observed], discussion [results meaning], literature cited |
| List the parts of the scientific method with examples based on how you study | observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, result |
| Describe the properties of life. | order, respond to stimuli, reproduction, adaptation, growth & dev., homeostasis,metabolism, evolution |
| List, in order of increasing complexity, the levels of biological organization. | atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere |
| Define the parts of a phylogenic tree. | branch tip: end point, representing a living species node: where a lineage splits base: the common ancestor at the root, everything descends from |
Created by:
XavierExcellence