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Psych Vocab 4
Studying about sleep and consciousness! WOOHOO!
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Alpha Wave | Brain wave characteristic during NREM stage 1 of sleep cycle. Low amplitude and frequency 8-12 hz. |
| Beta Wave | Brain wave characteristic during wakefulness. Very low amp and frequency of 13-30 hz. |
| Biological Rhythm | Internal cycle of biological activity (ex. sleep, menstruation, temperature. |
| Cataplexy | Lack of tone in or weakness of muscles. Complete paralysis of voluntary muscles in some cases. |
| Central Sleep Apnea | Sleep disorder with periods of interrupted breathing due to disruption in brain signals |
| Circadian Rhythm | Biological rhythm repeating every 24 hrs. |
| Codeine | Opiate with low potency prescribed for minor pain |
| Cognitive behavioral therapy | Psychotherapy focusing on cognitive processes and problem behaviors used to treat disorders like insomnia |
| Collective Unconscious | Information shared across all people and cultures, says Carl Jung. Ex. archetypes. |
| Consciousness | Awareness of external stimuli |
| CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) | Device used to treat sleep apnea- mask over mouth and nose that pumps air into airways, forcing them to remain open |
| Delta Wave | Brain Wave Characteristic during stage 3 NREM sleep. High amplitude, low frequency (<3 hz) |
| Depressant | Drug that suppresses central nervous system (CNS) activity |
| Euphoric High | Feelings of intense elation and pleasure from drug use |
| Evolutionary Psychology | Studies how universal patterns of behavior and thought have evolved by natural selection |
| Hallucinogen | A drug class that causes altered senses, often with hallucinations. |
| Homeostasis | Maintaining balance of optimal levels biologically |
| Hypnosis | State of extreme self-focus where minimal attention is given to external environment |
| Insomnia | Consistent difficulty falling or staying asleep at least three nights a week over a month's time |
| Jet Lag | Symptoms brought on by travel over time zones that creates confusion between circadian rhythms and our environment |
| K-Complex | High amplitude brain activity pattern associated with stage 2 sleep. Can be caused by external stimuli. |
| Latent Content | Hidden meaning of a dream, says Sigmund Freud's Function of Dreams |
| Lucid Dream | Becoming aware you're dreaming and controlling the content of a dream |
| Manifest Content | Storyline of events in a dream (says Freud's Function of Dreams) |
| Meditation | Clearing the mind to relax and focus |
| Melatonin | Hormone secreted by endocrine glands that regulates sleep-wake cycle |
| Meta-analysis | Study combining results of several case studies |
| Methadone | Synthetic opioid that is less euphorigenic than heroin- used to manage withdrawal symptoms in opioid users |
| Methadone Clinic | Uses methadone to treat withdrawal symptoms of opiate users |
| Methamphetamine | Amphetamine made from pseudoephedrine- over- the counter that is widely abused |
| Narcolepsy | Sleep disorder where person cannot help falling asleep and times |
| Night Terror | Sleep disorder characterized by panic in which person may scream or attempt to escape from immediate environment |
| NREM (non-REM sleep) | Periods of sleep outside of REM sleep |
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea | Sleep disorder characterized by breathing stops due to blockage of the airway |
| Opiate/opioid | Strong analgesic properties (pain reductions), made from the opium poppy. Includes heroin, morphine, methadone and cocaine. |
| Parasomnia | Group of sleep disorders with unwanted, disruptive movement and experiences during sleep |
| Physical dependence | Changes of body functions that leads to withdrawal symptoms when drug stops being used |
| Pineal Gland | Endocrine structure in the brain that releases melatonin |
| Psychological Dependence | Emotional need for a drug |
| Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep | Sleep where brain waves are similar to those in wakefulness where eyes move around under the eyelids. |
| RBD (REM Sleep Behavior Disorder) | Sleep disorder where muscle paralysis normal in REM phase does not occur- leads to high levels of movement, especially during disturbing dreams. |
| Restless Leg Syndrome | Sleep disorder where person has discomfort in legs while falling asleep that are relieved by moving the legs. |
| Rotating Shift Work | Work schedule that changes from early to late on a daily or weekly basis. |
| Sleep | Marked by low levels of physical activity and sensory awareness distinct from periods of rest during wakefulness |
| Sleep Apnea | Sleep disorder where breathing stops during sleep |
| Sleep Debt | Result of insufficient sleep on a chronic basis (ex. 2 hrs of sleep in a night, less than 7 for more than 2 nights). |
| Sleep Rebound | Where sleep-deprived people will fall asleep quicker next time they sleep (ex. napping) |
| Sleep Regulation | Brain's control of switching between sleep and wakefulness and coordinating circadian sleep cycle with the outside world. |
| Sleep Spindle | Rapid burst of high frequency brain waves during stage 2 sleep important for learning and memory. |
| Sleepwalking (Somnambulism) | Sleep disorder where person engages in complex behaviors |
| Stage 1 NREM Sleep | Drifting to sleep- between wakefulness and sleep |
| Stage 2 NREM Sleep | Body goes into deep relaxation and sleep spindles occur |
| Stage 3 NREM Sleep | Deep sleep characterized by low-frequency high amp data wave |
| Stimulant | Increases overall level of neural activity. Ex. caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine |
| Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) | Infant 1 year or younger dies suddenly in sleep with no known biological cause |
| Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) | Part of hypothalamus where body's clock is located |
| Theta Wave | Brain wave characteristic at the end of sleep 1. Moderately low amplitude, frequency of 4-7 hz. |
| Tolerance | Requiring increasing quantities of the drug to gain the desired effect |
| Wakefulness | High levels of sensory awareness, thought and behavior |
| Withdrawal | Negative symptoms that occur when drug use is discontinued |
| Agonist | a drug that facilitates the neurotransmitter system |
| Antagonist | A drug that impedes neurotransmitter activity |
| Frequency of Brain Waves | How many brain waves occur in a second |
| Amplitude | Height of brain waves |
| REM Rebound | Those with disturbed sleep will spend more time in REM to make up for lost time in the cycle. This suggests that REM is important for homeostasis. |
| Adenosene | A hormone that promotes sleep- inhibited by cafeine |
Created by:
aims2willi