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Psych Vocab Quiz #1

TermDefinition
Social Psychology The scientific study of of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.
Attribution Theory The theory that we explain someone else's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition.
Fundamental attribution error The tendency for observers, when analyzing others' behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.
Peripheral route persuasion Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness.
Central route persuasion Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts.
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.
Role A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to be behave.
Cognitive dissonance theory The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. For example, when we become aware that our attitudes and actions clash, we can reduce the resulting discomfort by changing our attitudes.
Norms Understood rules for accepted and expected behavior. Prescribe "proper" behavior.
Conformity Adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
Normative social influence Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.
Informational social influence Influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.
Social facilitation Improved performance on simple or well-earned tasks in the presence of others.
Social loafing The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.
Deindividuation The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster around arousal and anonymity.
Group polarization The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.
Groupthink The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
Culture The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
Prejudice An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and it's members. Involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.
Stereotype A generalization belief about a group of people.
Discrimination Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members.
Just-world phenomenon To believe the world is just and people get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
Philip Zimbardo Conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment, studied the effect of roles.
Leon Festinger Conducted the Knob Experiment, studied the effects of cognitive dissonance.
Solomon Asch Conducted the Line Study, studied the effects of conformity on decision making.
Stanley Milgrim Conducted the Shock Experiment, studied the effects of obedience to authority.
Created by: user-2050396
 

 



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