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EMT-B Pharmacology
EMT-B medication dosages, indications, and contraindications * = definitely know
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Indication for Acetaminophen | OTC pill medication given orally for pain or fever |
| Indication for Activated Charcoal* | Liquid that is ingested orally for toxic substance ingestion or poisoning, whenever this is given you need to also call Poison Control |
| Indication for Aspirin* | Pill medication mainly given for cardiac-related chest pain |
| Indication for Albuterol* | MDI or nebulized aerosol medication given for difficulty breathing with wheezing or asthma |
| Indication for Atropine* | Given via DuoDote auto-injector or Antidote Treatment-Nerve Agent Auto-Injector (ATNAA) for nerve agent exposure |
| Indication for Atrovent* | MDI or nebulized aerosol medication given for difficulty breathing with wheezing or asthma |
| Indication for Benadryl | OTC pill medication given orally for mild allergic reactions |
| Indication for Epinephrine* | Given via injection for anaphylactic reactions/anaphylactic shock |
| Indication for Ibuprofen | OTC pill medication given orally for pain or fever |
| Indication for Nitroglycerin* | Sublingual spray, sublingual tablets, or transdermal paste given for chest pain of cardiac origin |
| Indication for Naloxone* | Intranasal spray or intramuscular injection given for opioid overdose/poisoning |
| Indication for Oral Glucose* | Oral solution given for hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), but patients need to be alert and oriented to ingested this |
| Contraindication for Oral Glucose* | DO NOT GIVE IF PATIENT HAS nausea, vomiting, AMS, inability to maintain their own airway, or inability to follow commands |
| Contraindication for Nitroglycerin* | DO NOT GIVE IF PATIENT HAS hypotension, usage of PDE5 medications (Viagra, Cialis, etc prescribed for erectile dysfunction or pulmonary hypertension), or head trauma |
| Contraindication for Naloxone | DO NOT GIVE IF PATIENT HAS an allergy to Naloxone |
| Contraindication for Atrovent | DO NOT GIVE IF PATIENT HAS cardiac-related chest pain, tachycardia, or if allergic to Ipratropium or Atropine |
| Contraindication for Ibuprofen | DO NOT GIVE IF PATIENT HAS any recent bleeding (ex: stomach ulcers or trauma), or if allergic to Ibuprofen or other NSAIDS |
| Contraindication for Epinephrine | DO NOT GIVE IF PATIENT HAS cardiac-related chest pain, hypothermia, stimulant overdose, or hypertension |
| Contraindication for Benadryl* | DO NOT GIVE IF PATIENT HAS anticholinergic toxidrome, hypertension, COPD, asthma, or if allergic to Diphenhydramine. Do not give to infants or pregnant patients. |
| Contraindication for Atropine | DO NOT GIVE IF PATIENT HAS tachycardia, organophosphate poisoning, anticholinergic toxidrome, or if allergic to Atropine |
| Contraindication for Aspirin* | DO NOT GIVE IF PATIENT HAS any recent bleeding (ex: stomach ulcers or trauma), suspected stroke, or if allergic to Aspirin. Do not give to pediatric patients. |
| Contraindication for Albuterol | DO NOT GIVE IF PATIENT HAS cardiac-related chest pain, tachycardia, or if allergic to Albuterol |
| Contraindication for Activated Charcoal* | DO NOT GIVE IF PATIENT HAS ingested a strong basic or acidic substance that would further injure the patient when vomiting, AMS, or airway problems |
| Contraindication for Acetaminophen | DO NOT GIVE IF PATIENT HAS severe liver problems, alcohol intoxication, or if allergic to Acetaminophen |
| Internal action for Aspirin* | Anti-inflammatory medication and anti-platelet aggregate. It keeps platelets from clumping together and prevents blood clotting. |
| Internal action for Diphenhydramine* | Antihistamine medication that blocks histamines. Histamines are what cause allergic reactions, so this medication counteracts it. |
| Internal action for Oral Glucose* | This is essentially sugar gel that will provide the patient with glucose (sugar) that the body's cells can use for energy |
| Internal action for Epinephrine* | This medication activates the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight drive) which causes vasoconstriction (blood vessels constrict) and causes bronchodilation (airways in lungs dilate) |
| Internal action for Acetaminophen | Pain reliever and fever reducer |
| Internal action for Ibuprofen | Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) that reduces inflammation, reduces fever, and acts as a pain reliever |
| Internal action for Naloxone* | It reverses respiratory depression caused by opioid overdoses. Naloxone is a competitive antagonist, so it pushes opioids off of the brain's receptors so the normal brain signals for breathing can resume. |
| Internal action for Atrovent* | This works as a smooth muscle relaxer on the lungs, causing bronchodilation and fixes wheezing |
| Internal action for Atropine* | This medication increases heart rate, keeps bodily fluids inside, and relaxes muscles; all of which counteracts organophosphate poisoning |
| Internal action for Albuterol* | Bronchodilator, stimulates the sympathetic (fight or flight) nervous system to cause this reaction and fix wheezing or asthma attacks |
| Internal action for Nitroglycerin* | Vasodilator, causes all blood vessels to widen. Headache or dizziness are common side effects because of this mechanism |
| Internal action for Activated Charcoal* | Absorbs the toxins in the digestive tract to keep them from being harmful to the body, and typically induces vomiting as a part of this mechanism |
| Common names for Ibuprofen | Advil, Motrin, Nuprin |
| Common name for Diphenhydramine* | Benadryl |
| Common name for Acetaminophen | Tylenol |
| Common name for Oral Glucose | Glutose |
| Common name for Nitroglycerin | Nitrostat, NitroMist |
| Common name for Naloxone* | Narcan, EVZIO (IM auto-injector), Kloxxado |
| Common name for Epinephrine* | Epi-Pen |
| Common name for Albuterol | Proventil, Ventolin |
| Common name for Ipratropium Bromide* | Atrovent |
| Common name for Aspirin | Bayer |
| Common name for Activated Charcoal | Actidose, Charcodote |
| Common name for Atropine* | Atropen, DuoDote, Antidote Treatment-Nerve Agent Auto-Injector (ATNAA) |
| Dosage for Acetaminophen | 500 to 1000 mg every 4 hours as needed |
| Dosage for Activated Charcoal | 25 to 50 grams |
| Dosage for Albuterol* | Nebulized: 2.5mg; MDI: 1 to 2 inhalations with 5 minute wait before repeating |
| Dosage for Aspirin* | 81mg tablets, give 4 = 324 mg |
| Dosage for Atropen | Autoinjector is pre-dosed at different dosages: 0.25mg, 0.5mg, 1mg, or 2mg |
| Dosage for Atrovent* | Nebulized 0.5mg; MDI: 1 to 2 inhalations with 5 minute wait before repeating |
| Dosage for Benadryl | 25 to 50 mg |
| Dosage for Epi-pen* | 0.3 mg adults; 0.15mg pediatrics |
| Dosage for Ibuprofen | 200 to 400mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed |
| Dosage for Nitroglycerin* | 0.3 to 0.4 mg for tablets; 0.4 mg for spray |
| Dosage for Naloxone* | pre-dosed at either 2mg or 4mg, depends on brand |
| Dosage for Oral Glucose* | 1 tube (approx. 15 grams) |
Created by:
santafecollegeemt