people are more likely to believe falsehoods that are repeated

the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that we would have foreseen it

the tendency to think we know more than we do

self-correcting process using obersvation and analysis to evaluate ideas

using observations to explain behavior *AFTER EVIDENCE*

a testable prediction --> implied by theory *BEFORE EVIDENCE*

the capacity for some proposition statement, theory, or hypothesis to be proven wrong

a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study

the act of making an exact copy, repeating a process, or reproducing something in the exact same way

the evaluation of scientific, academic, or professional work by others working in the safe field

3 Descriptive Methods

case studies, naturalistic observation, surveys and interviews

a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

Naturalistic Observation

a descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate or control the situation

the change of behavior by the subjects of a study due to their awareness of being observed

a descriptive technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors, usually by questioning a representative, random Sample of the group

rating system; measurement method used in research to evaluate attitudes, opinions, and perceptions

methodological problem that arises when researchers rely on asking people to describe their thoughts, feelings, or behaviors rather than measuring these directly and objectively

Social Desirability Bias

people hide their true thoughts --> give answers to make them look good

Representative Sample

small part of a group that mirrors the key traits of whole population

a non-probability method where researchers gather data from people who are easiest to reach

all those in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn

a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

Road Blocks to critical thinking

hindsight Bias, overconfidence, perceiving patterns in random events

descriptive studies, correlation studies, experimental studies

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Psych MODULE 0.1-0.3

Term	Definition
Illusion of Truth	people are more likely to believe falsehoods that are repeated
Hindsight Bias	the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that we would have foreseen it
Overconfidence	the tendency to think we know more than we do
Scientific Method	self-correcting process using obersvation and analysis to evaluate ideas
Theory	using observations to explain behavior AFTER EVIDENCE
Hypothesis	a testable prediction --> implied by theory BEFORE EVIDENCE
Falsifiability	the capacity for some proposition statement, theory, or hypothesis to be proven wrong
Operational	a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study
Replication	the act of making an exact copy, repeating a process, or reproducing something in the exact same way
Peer Review	the evaluation of scientific, academic, or professional work by others working in the safe field
3 Descriptive Methods	case studies, naturalistic observation, surveys and interviews
Case Study	a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
Naturalistic Observation	a descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate or control the situation
Hawthorne Effect	the change of behavior by the subjects of a study due to their awareness of being observed
Survey	a descriptive technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors, usually by questioning a representative, random Sample of the group
Likert Scale	rating system; measurement method used in research to evaluate attitudes, opinions, and perceptions
Self-Report Bias	methodological problem that arises when researchers rely on asking people to describe their thoughts, feelings, or behaviors rather than measuring these directly and objectively
Social Desirability Bias	people hide their true thoughts --> give answers to make them look good
Representative Sample	small part of a group that mirrors the key traits of whole population
Convenience Sampling	a non-probability method where researchers gather data from people who are easiest to reach
Population	all those in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn
Random Sample	a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
Road Blocks to critical thinking	hindsight Bias, overconfidence, perceiving patterns in random events
3 types of studies	descriptive studies, correlation studies, experimental studies

Created by: lilli.spears1

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