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A+P Chapter 1 Notes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | describes locations, appearances, and relationships of body parts to one another |
| Physiology | study of how the body functions |
| Anatomical position | person standing upright, facing observer with arms at sides, toes/palms turned forward |
| Superior (cranial) | towards upper part of the body |
| Inferior (caudal) | towards lower part of body |
| Anterior (ventral) | towards front of body |
| Posterior (dorsal) | towards back |
| Medial | towards midline |
| Lateral | away from midline |
| Superficial (external) | out towards surface |
| Deep (internal) | inward from surface |
| Proximal | towards a structure's origin or point of attachment to the trunk |
| Distal | away from the structure's origin or point of attachment to the trunk |
| Sagittal | divides the body into left and right portions |
| Frontal | divides the body into front and back |
| Horizontal (transverse) | divides the top and bottom |
| abdominal | pertaining to the anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs |
| axillary | armpit |
| brachial | upper arm |
| buccal | cheek |
| cervical | neck |
| cubital | wrist |
| femoral | thigh |
| flank | side between hip and rib |
| groin | area between ribs and thigh |
| orbital | eye |
| pubic | genital region |
| thoracic | chest |
| umbilical | naval |
| calf | posterior part of lower leg |
| deltoid | curve of the shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle |
| gluteal | buttock |
| lumbar | area of the back between ribs and hips |
| occipital | posterior surface of the head |
| popliteal | posterior knee area |
| scapular | shoulder blade region |
| dorsal cavity | contains cranial and spinal cavity |
| cranial cavity | skull |
| spinal cavity | spinal chord |
| ventral cavity | separated by diaphragm |
| thoracic cavity | upper portion containing lungs, esophagus, and heart |
| abdominopelvic cavity | below diaphragm with kidneys, spleen, digestive organs, bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs |
| chemical level | atoms, ions, and molecules |
| cellular level | smallest living part of body |
| tissue | similar cells that combine to perform a common function |
| organ | 2 or more tissues designed to perform a general function |
| system | 2 or more organs that perform a general function |
| Integumentary | skin protects underlying structures and fluid levels |
| skeletal | bone, cartilage, joints. Provides support, protection, and movement |
| muscular | movement with 3 types |
| nervous | brain, spinal chord, and nerves. reacts to environment, thought, and coordinates body activities |
| endocrine | pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads. It keeps body even by releasing hormones |
| cardiovascular | heart, arteries, veins. It transports materials around the body |
| lymphatic | spleen, thymus, tonsils, lymph nodes, and vessels. it removes dead cells and foreign bodies from body fluids |
| respiratory | larynx, trachea, lungs, bronchi. It provides oxygen to body and rids body of carbon dioxide. |
| digestive | esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, salivary glands, pancreas, and liver. It breaks food down so it can be absorbed. |
| urinary | kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra,. it removes waste from bloodstream and maintains water/salt balance in blood stream |
| reproductive | testes, urethra, penis, ovaries, uterus, and vagina. It provides for the production of new individuals. |
| Organism | all systems must function correctly for organisms to survive and reproduce |
Created by:
cj422