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anatomy lab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ocular Lens | The lens where you place your eye so you can see what you are examining; it has 10× magnification |
| Arm | It is where you hold the microscope when holding |
| Nosepiece | It allows you to swap magnification lenses without touching them directly, making changes much faster |
| Turret | It turns the lenses to change the magnification |
| Objective Lenses | 4×, 10×, and 40× |
| Low-Power Objective Lens | The 4× objective lens |
| High-Power Objective Lens | The 40× objective lens |
| Stage | It provides a level base for your slide |
| Stage Clip | It holds the slide in place |
| Base | It holds the entire microscope level and stable so the image doesn’t shake; it is also another point to hold the microscope |
| Stage Adjustment Knobs | They move the slide so you don’t have to touch the slide directly to see across your sample |
| Light Adjustment Wheel | It lets you change the brightness of the light focusing on the specimen so you may see more clearly |
| Substage Lamp | It sits below the sample to make transparency within the sample more visible |
| Iris Diaphragm | It controls the amount of light |
| Coarse Focus | It roughly sharpens your view in larger increments for initial adjusting |
| Fine Focus | It sharpens your view in very small increments for final adjusting |
| Magnification | Enlargement of a specimen; a power of eyepiece × power of objective |
| Eyepiece Magnification | 10× |
| Objective Magnification Powers | 4×, 10×, or 40× |
| Resolution | The amount of detail you can see |
| red | 4x |
| blue | 40x |
| yellow | 10x |
| What are the functions of simple squamous epithelium? | Reduces friction; controls permeability; absorption & secretion |
| Where is simple squamous epithelium found? | Mesothelium; endothelium; portions of nephron; cornea; alveoli (lungs) |
| What are the functions of stratified squamous epithelium? | Physical protection against abrasion; protection against chemical attack; protection against pathogens |
| Where is stratified squamous epithelium located? | Surface of skin; lining of rectum, anus, vagina, mouth, and esophagus |
| What are the functions of simple cuboidal epithelium? | Limited protection; secretion; absorption |
| Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found? | Glands; ducts; parts of thyroid gland; kidney tubules |
| What is the function of transitional epithelium? | Permits repeated cycles of stretching without damage |
| Where is transitional epithelium located? | Urinary bladder; renal pelvis; ureters |
| What are the functions of simple columnar epithelium | Protection; secretion; absorption |
| Where is simple columnar epithelium found? | Lining of stomach, intestines, gallbladder, uterine tube; collecting ducts of kidneys |
| What are the functions of pseudostratified columnar epithelium? | Protection; secretion; moving mucus with its cilia |
| Where is pseudostratified columnar epithelium located? | Lining of nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi; portions of male reproductive tract |
| What do the salivary glands produce? | Saliva |
| What does saliva do? | Helps break down/digest food and kill bacteria |
| What does the trachea do? | Carries air from the mouth toward the lungs |
| What does the esophagus do? | Carries food from the mouth to the stomach |
| What does the thymus do? | Receives and develops T-cells |
| What do the lungs exchange? | Oxygen and CO₂ |
| What does the heart do? | Pumps blood |
| What does the aorta do? | Oxygenated blood pumps out to the body |
| What does the vena cava carry? | CO₂ in the blood carried to the right side of the heart |
| What is the diaphragm used for? | Respiration |
| What does the diaphragm separate? | The abdominal cavities |
| What does the liver produce? | Proteins and bile |
| What else does the liver do? | Detoxifies blood |
| What does the stomach do? | Breaks down food, makes acid, and mucus |
| What does the small intestine do? | Passes food through bile and mixes with fats |
| What does the pancreas release? | Digestive enzymes |
| What does the pancreas break down? | Starches |
| What else does the pancreas release? | Bicarbonate as an acid buffer |
| What do the kidneys do? | Filter blood |
| What do the kidneys produce? | Urine |
| What does the mesentery do? | Holds the small intestine together |
| What does the large intestine do? | Takes food from the small intestine, absorbs water and ions, and compacts undigested food |
| What does the cecum do? | Receives undigested food from the small intestine |
| What does the colon do? | Receives feces |
| What does the spleen do? | Lymphatic tissue and immune system; destroys old red blood cells |
| What do the ureters do? | Transport urine to the bladder |
| What does the urinary bladder do? | Holds urine until excretion through the urethra |
| Where are eggs stored? | Ovaries |
| What does the uterus do? | Holds the fetus/babies |
| What does the uterus do during pregnancy? | Grows the baby/the fetus |
| What do the testes produce? | Sperm and testosterone |
| What does the epididymis do? | Stores and matures sperm |
| What is the ductus deferens? | The tube that leads to the penis for ejaculation |
| What do the seminal vesicles produce? | Semen fluids |
| What does the prostate gland produce? | Semen fluids |
| function of dense irregular connective tissue | -strength to resist forces from many directions -prevents overexpansion of the organs (like urinary bladder) |
| where to find dense irregular connective tissue | -capsules of visceral organs -periostea -perichondria -dermis -muscle and nerve sheaths |
| function of reticular loose connective tissue | -supports functional cells in soft organs and immune tissues -supporting framework via 3D stroma |
| function of areolar loose connective tissue | -least specialized -open framework -vicious ground substance that absorbs shocks -distort without damage -resilient with shape -phagocytic cells defend against pathogens |
| function of adipose loose connective tissue | -provides padding -cushions shocks -stores energy -insulates |
| function of dense regular connective tissue | -firm attachment -conducts pull of muscles -reduces friction of muscles -stabilizes positions of bones |
| where to find reticular loose connective tissue | -kidney -liver -spleen -bone marrow -lymph nodes |
| where to find areolar loose connective tissue | -within and deep of the dermis -around joints, blood vessels, & nerves -in between muscles --covering the epithelial lining of the urinary, digestive, and respiratory tracts |
| where to find adipose loose connective tissue | -deep to the skin near the breast, buttocks, and hips -padding around the eyes and kidneys |
| where to find dense regular connective tissue | -between skeletal muscles and bone -between other muscles such as tendons and aponeuroses -between bones as ligaments |
| where to find hyaline cartilage | -between the tips of ribs and bones of sternum -bone surfaces and synovial joints -part of the nasal septum -supporting larynx, trachea, and bronchi |
| where to find fibrocartilage | -pads within the knee joints -between the pubic bone of pelvis -intervertebral discs |
| where to find elastic cartilage | -auricle of external ear -epiglottis -auditory canal -cuneiform cartilage of larynx |
| where to find compact bone | -the outer layer of bones |
| where to find spongey cancellous bone | -deep to compact bone -interior of bones |
| where to find blood | -capillaries, blood vessels |
| function of hyaline cartilage | -stiff yet flexible support -reduce friction between boney surfaces |
| function of fibrocartilage | -resists compression -limits movement -prevents bone to bone contact |
| function of elastic cartilage | -provides support -tolerates distortion without damage and still keeping up shape |
| function of compact bone | -structural support -protection -mechanical leverage for movement -mineral storage |
| function of spongey cancellous bone | -reduce skeletal density/weight -absorb shock -house red bone marrow for blood cell production |
| function of blood | -transport oxygen and carbon dioxide through the body |
| where to find stratified columnar epithelium | small areas of the pharynx, epiglottis, anus, saliva gland ducts, mammary glands, urethra |
| function of stratified columnar epithelium | protection |
| function of skeletal muscle tissue | -moves and stabilizes position of the skeleton -guards entrances/exits of digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts -generates heat -protects internal organs |
| where to find skeletal muscle tissue | combined with connective and nervous tissues in skeletal muscles |
| function of cardiac muscle tissue | (interconnected by intercalated discs) -maintains blood pressure -circulates blood |
| where to find cardiac muscle tissue | the heart |
| function of smooth muscle tissue | -moves food, urine, and reproductive tract secretions -controls diameter of respiratory tract passageways -regulates diameter of blood vessels |
| where to find smooth muscle tissue | -walls of blood vessels -within the organs of digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive system organs |
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