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Nature of scince
unit 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Empirical Evidence | The observation, mesurements, and other types of data that people test to suport and evaluate |
| Theory | A sytsem of ideas that explains many related observations and is suported by a large body of evidence acquired through scientific investgation. |
| Law | A descripive statement or equation that reliably predicts events under certain conditions. |
| Obervation | The prosses of obtaining information by using the sences; the infomation obtained by using the sences. |
| Hypothesis | A testable idea that leads to a scientific investigation. |
| Data | Information gathered by observation or exprimentation that can be used in calculating or reasoning. |
| Model | A pattern, plan, reppresentation, or description designed to show the stucture or workings of an object, system, or consept. |
| Experiment hypothesis dependent variable observation independent variable | An organized procedure to study something under controlled conditions. |
| Dependent variable | In a scientific investigation, the factor that changes as a result of manipulation of one or more indepenent variables. |
| Independent variable | In a scientific investigation, the factor that is deliberately manipulated. |
| Engineering | The application of science and mathmatics to solve real life problems. |
| Technology | The application of science for practical purposes; the use of tools, machines, materials, and proceses to meet human needs. |
| Prototype | A test modle of a product. |
| Trade-off | The giving up one thing in turn for another, often aplied to the engineering design process |
| Life cycle analysis | The evalueation of the materials and energy used for manufacturing, transportation, scale, use, and disposal fo an technology. |
| Pugh chart | A table used to compare the multible items, such as technological prodects or soiutions. |
| Risk-Benefit analysis | The comparison of a risk and benefit for a decision or product. |
| Earth system | All of the nonliving things, living things, and prosesses that make up planet Earth, including the solid Earth, the Hydrosphere, the Atmosphere, and the Biosphere. |
| Geosphere | The mostly solid rock part of Earth; extends from the center of the core to the surface of the crust. |
| Hydrosphere | The portion of Earth that is water. |
| Cryosphere | One of the Earths's spheres where water is in solid form, including snow cover, floating ice, glaciers, |
| Atmosphere | A mixture of gases that surounds a planet, moon, or other celestial body. |
| Biosphere | The part of the Earth where life exists; includes all of the living organisms on Earth. |
| Energy budget | The net flow of energy into and out of a system. |
| Air pressure | The measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface. |
| Thermosphere | The uppermost layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature increases as altiude increases. |
| Mesosphere | 1. The strong, lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core, 2. The layer of the atmosphere between the stratosphere and the thermosphere and in which temperature decreases as altitude increases. |
| Stratosphere | The layer of the atmosphere that lies between the troposphere ad the mesosphere and in which temperature increases as altitude increases; contains the ozone layer. |
| Troposphere | The lowest layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature drops at a constant rate as altitude increases; the part of the atmosphere where weather conditions exist. |
| Ozone layer | The layer of the atmosphere at an altitude of 15 to 40 km in which ozone absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation. |
| Greenhouse effect | Th ewarming of the surface and lower atmosphere of Earth that occurs when water vapor, carbon dixoide, and other gases absorb and reradiate energy. |
| Temperature | A measure of how hot or cold something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object. |
| Thermal energy | The total kinetic energy of a substance's atoms. |
| Thermal expansion | An increase in the size of a substance in reponse to an increase in the temperature of the substance. |
| Heat | The energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures. |
| Radiation | The transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves. |
| Convection | The movement of matter due to differences in density; the transfer of energy due to the movement of matter. |
| Conduction | The transfer of energy as heat through a material. |
| Wind | The movement of air caused by differences in air pressure. |
| Coriolis effect | The curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to Earth's rotation. |
| Global wind | The movement of air over Earth's surface in patterns that are worldwide. |
| Jet stream | A narrow band of strong winds that blow in the upper troposphere. |
| Local wind | The movement of air over short distances; occurs in specific areas as a result of certain geographical features. |
| Ocean current | A movement of ocean water that follows a regular pattern. |
| Surface current | A horizontal movement of ocean water that is caused by wind and that occurs at or near the ocean's surface. |
| Deep current | A streamlike movement of ocean water far below the surface. |
| Convection current | Any movement of the matter that results from differences in density; may be vertical, circular, or cyclical. |
| Upwelling | The movement of deep, cold, and nutrient-rich water to the surface. |
Created by:
Alanna Waters