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Macromolecule/Enzyme
Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Macro means | Large |
| Macromolecules are ________________________ that are critically important to all living things. | large molecules |
| Macromolecules are made of: | Monomers and Polymers |
| What is a Monomer | A Monomer is one unit of a macromolecule (mono=one) (mer=part) |
| What is a Polymer | A Polymer is a strand of many monomers (poly=many) |
| Dehydration Synthesis | Removing a molecule of water to create bonds |
| Hydrolysis | Adding a molecule of water to break |
| Types of Macromolecules | Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids |
| Monomers join together to form _____________________. | polymers |
| ________________________ is changing substances by breaking and forming bonds (includes hydrolysis and dehydration reactions). | Chemical reactions |
| Chemical reactions require __________________. | energy |
| _________________ energy is the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction. | Activation |
| Reactant is what _________ a chemical reaction | goes into |
| _____________ are the substances changed during a chemical reaction. | Reactants |
| _______________ are the substances made by a chemical reaction. | Product |
| Product is what ______________ a chemical reaction. | comes out of |
| Enzymes are ________________ meaning they speed up reactions by reducing the activation energy required to start the reaction. During this process, enzymes are NOT changed! | catalysts |
| First Step to a Chemical Reaction | 1. The reactant (called a substrate) binds to a special part of the enzyme called the active site. |
| Second Step to a Chemical Reaction | 2. The reaction takes place (making or breaking bonds). |
| Third Step to a Chemical Reaction | 3. The product is released from the enzyme and the enzyme remains unchanged. |
| Most enzymes end in ______ | ase (example: Amylase found in saliva that breaks down carbs when you eat). |
| Substrates bind to an enzyme's ___________________. | active site |
| Enzyme facilitates ________________. | reaction |
| Enzyme releases _________________. | product |
| Enzymes lower the ________________________ required for a reaction. This is like taking a rock up hill and then rolling it down. | activation energy |
| Enzymes are very _________________. | specific- think about the lock and key |
| Enzyme ______________ is essential to its function! | shape |
| What three things in an environment can change an enzyme? | 1. temperature- too hot or cold can change the reaction 2. pH levels- too high or low will cause and enzyme to lose shape and no longer work 3. inhibitors- can bind to an enzyme and prevent the substrate from properly binding. |
| Carbohydrates Elements: | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (C, H, O) |
| Carbohydrates Monomers: | monosaccharide |
| Carbohydrates Functions: | Energy and Structure |
| Carbohydrates Examples: | Sugar, Starch, Fiber |
| Carbohydrates Foods: | Candy, fruits, pasta, bread |
| Monosaccharides: | 1 sugar, glucose |
| Disaccharides: | 2 sugars, sucrose |
| Polysaccharides: | Many sugars- starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin |
| Lipids Elements: | C, H, O |
| Lipids Common Parts: | glycerol, fatty acids |
| Lipids Function: | energy storage, forms cell membranes, body insulation |
| Lipids Examples: | Fats, oils, waxes, steroids |
| Triglyceride (Fats) | Saturated: solid at room temperature (ex: butter) Unsaturated: liquid at room temperature (ex: oil) Phospholipids: forms the cell membrane of cells |
| Lipids Foods: | Oils: Vegetable oil, olive oil, coconut oil Fats: Butter, cheese, meats, avocados, nuts |
| Protein Elements: | Nitrogen (C, H, O, N) |
| Protein Monomers: | Amino acids |
| Protein Function: | Muscle contraction, cell transport, enzymes |
| Protein Examples: | Insulin, Keratin, Melanin |
| Protein Structure: | 20 common amino acids. Long chains of amino acids are called polypeptides. Polypeptides fold into a protein. |
| Protein Foods: | Meats, nuts, eggs, beans |
| Nucleic Acids Elements: | Phosphrous (C, H, O, N, P) |
| Nucelic Acids Monomers: | Nucelotides |
| Nucleic Acids Function: | Storing and transmitting instructions to make proteins |
| Nucleic Acids Examples: | DNA, RNA |
| Nuceotides: | Nucleotides are made up of sugar, a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base |
| DNA | Double stranded |
| RNA | Single stranded |
| Nucelic Acid Foods | lipids, carbohydrates, proteins |
Created by:
helen claire13!