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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two cell types in the nervous system? | Neurons and neuroglia |
| What are the two main divisions of the nervous system? | CNS and PNS |
| What structures make up the CNS? | Brain and spinal cord |
| What structures make up the PNS? | Cranial nerves and spinal nerves |
| What does the PNS do? | Connects the CNS to other parts of the body |
| What insulates the neuronal axon? | Myelin sheath |
| What is white matter? | Groups of myelinated axons in the CNS |
| What is gray matter? | Groups of unmyelinated axons in the CNS |
| What is a synapse? | Site where a neuron transmits a nerve impulse to another neuron |
| What is the synaptic cleft? | Small space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons |
| What does the presynaptic neuron release? | Neurotransmitters |
| What do neurotransmitters bind to? | Receptors on the postsynaptic neuron |
| Name three neurotransmitters. | Acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin |
| What are the meninges? | Three protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord |
| What are the three layers of the meninges? | Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater |
| What is meningitis? | Inflammation of the meninges, usually caused by infection |
| What does the corpus callosum do? | Connects the two cerebral hemispheres |
| Where is the cerebellum located? | Inferior to the occipital lobes and dorsal to the pons and medulla oblongata |
| What does the cerebellum do? | Coordinates skeletal muscle activity and maintains posture |
| What is the midbrain involved in? | Vision, hearing, and motor control |
| What does the pons do? | Connects parts of the brain and regulates sleep and breathing |
| What does the medulla oblongata control? | Heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing |
| What does the somatic nervous system connect the CNS to? | Skin and skeletal muscles |
| What does the somatic nervous system control? | Conscious and voluntary activities |
| What does the autonomic nervous system connect the CNS to? | Viscera (internal organs) |
| What does the autonomic nervous system control? | Subconscious and involuntary activities |
| What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system? | Prepares the body for fight-or-flight |
| When is the sympathetic nervous system most active? | Stressful, emergency, or energy-requiring situations |
| What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system? | Prepares the body for rest and digest |
| When is the parasympathetic nervous system most active? | Resting and non-stressful conditions |
| How many pairs of cranial nerves are there? | 12 pairs |
| How are the cranial nerves numbered? | I–XII |
| Where does sensory information for touch, pressure, and body movement come from? | Skin, muscles, tendons, and joints |
| What are the five basic senses? | Sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch |
| What are the special senses? | Taste, smell, hearing, equilibrium, and vision |
| What does the parietal lobe sense? | Temperature, touch, pressure, and pain |
| What else does the parietal lobe help with? | Understanding speech and choosing words |
| What is the temporal lobe responsible for? | Hearing |
| What else does the temporal lobe help with? | Interpreting sensory experiences and storing memories |
| What is the occipital lobe responsible for? | Vision |
| What does the occipital lobe help analyze? | Visual information |
| What do the basal nuclei produce? | Dopamine |
| What do the basal nuclei help control? | Voluntary movement |
| Where does the sensory area for smell arise? | Centers deep within the temporal lobes |
| What is the thalamus? | Gateway for sensory impulses ascending to the cerebral cortex |
| What sensory impulses does the thalamus receive? | All sensory impulses except smell |
| Where does the thalamus channel sensory impulses? | Appropriate part of the cerebral cortex for interpretation |
| What does the hypothalamus maintain? | Homeostasis |
| What visceral activities does the hypothalamus regulate? | Heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature |
| What balances does the hypothalamus regulate? | Water and electrolyte balance |
| What does the hypothalamus regulate related to eating? | Hunger and body weight |
| What does the hypothalamus regulate related to sleep? | Sleep and wakefulness |
| What gland's function does the hypothalamus regulate? | Pituitary gland |
| What two systems does the hypothalamus link? | Nervous and endocrine systems |
| What does the cerebral aqueduct connect? | 3rd and 4th ventricles |
| What control centers are in the medulla oblongata? | Cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory control centers |
| What reflexes does the medulla oblongata control? | Coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting |
| What does the cerebellum coordinate? | Skeletal muscle activity |
| What does the cerebellum maintain? | Posture |
| Astrocytes | Part of the blood brain barrier |
Created by:
jullian18