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Civics ch 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| "What challenge did the early Church face in the Roman Empire | Widespread persecution |
| "What event ended persecution of Christians in Rome | Emperor Constantine embracing Christianity in 313 A.D. |
| "What new issue arose after Constantines conversion | The relationship between a Christian ruler and government |
| "How did most governments view religious freedom during the Middle Ages | As a dangerous evil |
| "What major event shattered Europes religious unity | The Reformation |
| "What did many Christians believe was necessary for peace and stability after the Reformation | Complete religious unity |
| "What question does the Reformation raise about unity | Believing in the same thing or believing in the same way |
| "Who was John Locke | A British philosopher from 1632 to 1704 |
| "What idea did John Locke promote | Religious toleration |
| "What did Locke believe all people shared | Certain moral truths in common called natural law |
| "What did Locke assert natural law could do | Hold a society together |
| "What did English colonists establish to protect worship freedom | Local governments such as the Mayflower Compact |
| "Which of Lockes ideas influenced the US Constitution | Religious toleration and natural law |
| "What part of the Constitution reflects Lockes influence most clearly | The First Amendment |
| "What did Jesus warn His followers in John 15 20 | That if they persecuted Him they would persecute His followers |
| "What challenge did Christians face serving in Roman government or military | They were required to sacrifice to Roman gods and worship the emperor |
| "What does the New Testament record about Roman officials | Some were spiritually converted by the gospel such as in Acts 13 12 and Philippians 1 12 13 |
| "What major change occurred in the Reformation | The Roman Catholic Church divided into many churches such as Lutheran Anglican and Anabaptist |
| "What belief about stability persisted after the Reformation | That peace required complete religious unity |
| "What did rulers gain after the Reformation | The ability to choose the religion practiced in their state |
| "What experience changed John Lockes view on religion | Seeing Protestants and Catholics living in harmony in Cleves Germany |
| "What did Locke conclude about toleration in Cleves | That it removed religion from politics and promoted peace |
| "What solution did Locke propose for public morality | Natural law the belief that all people recognize certain moral truths in nature |
| "Why did many English colonists immigrate to America | To flee religious persecution |
| "What principle guided the Mayflower Compact | A covenant with God and one another to pursue common goals |
| "What political idea did the Mayflower Compact establish | Social contract people submit to government in exchange for protection of rights |
| "What did colonists believe about governments founded on Christian principles | That they would provide moral stability |
| "What two clauses are in the First Amendment concerning religion | The establishment clause and the free exercise clause |
| "What religious movement transformed America after 1820 | The Second Great Awakening |
| "What impact did the Second Great Awakening have | It made evangelical Protestants the largest subculture and founded schools and societies |
| "What weakened Protestant dominance after the Civil War | Immigration of Catholics Jews and Eastern Orthodox plus liberal European theology |
| "What did secularists argue about the First Amendment in the twentieth century | That it mandated strict separation between religion and government |
| "What is pluralism | The coexistence of diverse ethnic social religious and political backgrounds in one society |
| "What challenge does pluralism pose for Christians | Deciding how believers should behave in relation to political matters |
| "What was Americas dominant religious group until the late 19th century | Evangelical Protestants |
| "What caused America to become more religiously diverse | Waves of immigration and social changes |
| "What is pluralism | A diversity of religious political ethnic and social beliefs in one society |
| "What challenge does pluralism pose to John Lockes theory | It undermines the idea that shared natural law alone can unify society |
| "What is the basic thesis of secularism | That religion is a private matter and should stay out of public spaces |
| "Why do different groups answer moral questions differently | Because their values and beliefs differ |
| "What do secularists assume separation of church and state means | No religion in public life |
| "How does secularism view religious arguments in politics | As irrelevant and something to be ignored |
| "What happens if the state dominates the church | Government can restrict the actions of Christians |
| "What is an example of state dominance over the church | North Korea |
| "What happens when government adopts an unbiblical moral stance | Conflict with the church becomes inevitable |
| "What did the Catholic Church attempt during the Middle Ages | To impose its authority over states |
| "What changed John Lockes view on religion | Seeing Protestants and Catholics coexist peacefully in Cleves Germany |
| "What question did Locke have after seeing religious toleration | How public morality would function without shared religion |
| "What did English colonists believe about Christian based governments | That they would provide moral stability |
| "What major religious shift occurred in early America | Evangelical Protestants became the largest subculture |
| "What did believers establish during Americas religious unity | Centers of higher education and societies to fight social ills |
| "What made Americas moral foundation appear secure before the Civil War | Shared biblical outlooks and evangelical influence |
| "What weakened Protestant dominance after the Civil War | Massive immigration of Catholics Jews and Orthodox Christians |
| "What teaching undermined confidence in Scripture in American schools | Liberal European Protestant theology |
| "What did secularists push for in the 20th century | Strict separation of church and state |
| "What caused secular arguments to gain popularity | Increasing religious diversity across America |
| "What groups grew significantly in the 20th century | Muslims Hindus Buddhists and atheists |
| "What is modern pluralism | Diverse groups with different moral viewpoints living in one society |
| "What challenge does pluralism pose to Lockes theory | It includes many non Christian worldviews beyond natural law |
| "What do secularists believe about religion in public spaces | That it should be excluded entirely |
| "What moral debates highlight secularism versus Christianity | Embryonic research divorce and abortion |
| "What do traditional Christians believe about abortion | That it is murder |
| "What do secularists prioritize in moral debates | Absolute personal freedom of choice |
| "What concern do some Christians have about public approval of sin | That it spreads and normalizes sinful behavior |
| "What does absolute separation of church and state demand | A strict boundary removing religion from public life |
| "What are examples of absolute separation policies | Banning Ten Commandments displays and prohibiting prayer at government events |
| "What is a historical example of state dominance over the church | North Korea outlawing evangelism |
| "What did Byzantine emperors do regarding church authority | Held ultimate authority over the church |
| "What was lay investiture | Rulers appointing church leaders |
| "What is church over state | The church controlling the government |
| "What medieval conflict showed church dominance | The Catholic Church claiming authority over kings |
| "What did the Concordat of Worms settle | The struggle between church and state over appointing leaders |
| "What distinction do Christians believe should exist between church and state | They should be separate in role but not hostile |
| "What danger occurred when churches gained political power | They became corrupt instead of improving society |
| "What biblical example shows God separating king and priest roles | King Uzziah being punished with leprosy for performing priestly duties |
| "What does separation of church and state NOT mean | Removing Christian influence from public life |
| "Why cant laws be morally neutral | Because all laws enforce someones moral viewpoint |
| "What is the churchs proper role in society | Teaching Gods Word and equipping believers to influence society morally |
| "What is civil religion | A fake Christianity using symbols while ignoring biblical truth |
| "What argument is made about abortion beyond religion | That it violates basic human rights such as the right to life |
| "What is a political ideology | A set of beliefs guiding how to fix societal problems |
| "Why do some political ideologies conflict with Christianity | They rely on human solutions to spiritual problems |
| "What example shows ideological conflict with biblical teaching | Communism removing private property rights |
| "What must Christians do when evaluating political ideologies | Analyze worldviews through the Bible |
| "What challenge has modern pluralism created for Christians | Serious disagreements over morals and beliefs |
| "What can disagreements over morals lead to | Culture wars between groups with different ideals and philosophies |
| "What is a culture war | A conflict between groups with opposing beliefs values and worldviews |
| "What is one way Christians can gain influence despite pluralism | Understand the political process |
| "What should Christians seek to do with unbelievers | Persuade them respectfully |
| "Why should Christians understand others perceptions | To recognize how truths are used to expose errors in opposing positions |
| "What attitude should Christians have in political discussions | Humility and respect |
| "What should Christians be willing to face if necessary | Persecution |
| "What do Christians view as the ultimate solution to political conflict | The gospel |
| "What is the main weakness of natural law arguments | They do not go far enough to persuade people |
| "Why is natural law insufficient for moral debates | Reasoning from natural law does not convince better than Scripture |
| "What should be applied to all areas of life including politics | Scripture |
| "What is an example of Scripture applied to political matters | Opposing no fault divorce |
| "What makes abortion a difficult political issue | Lawmakers do not want to impose their religion on others |
| "What are political ideologies | Belief systems centered on solving society through political power |
| "What three elements did Dr Nancy Love say ideologies contain | Analysis of society vision for improvement and strategy to accomplish it |
| "Why must Christians evaluate ideologies through Scripture | Because many ideologies rely on human solutions to spiritual problems |
| "What biblical teaching conflicts with pure Communism | The Bible affirms private property rights |
| "What does Scripture teach about divorce in the Mosaic Code | It was permitted because of the hardness of peoples hearts |
| "What does Jesus teach about marriage | That God intended marriage between one man and one woman |
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