Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch 1 A&P Vocab
8/20/26 - added on so it's now all Ch1 test 9/2/26
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biology | the study of living organisms and the environments they live in |
| molecules | made up a cell |
| population | the members of one species in a particular area (a herd of zebras) |
| species | a group of interbreeding organisms |
| community | interacting populations (coral reef) |
| ecosystem | community of populations interacting with the physical environment |
| biosphere | all of Earth's ecosystems |
| energy | the capacity to do work |
| metabolism | all chemical reactions in the body |
| photosynthesis | plants algae and some bacteria are able to harvest the energy of the sun and vonvert it to chemical energy. photosynethesis produces sugars, photosynthesis is the basic of the food chain |
| homeostasis | a constant internal environment (body temp and blood glucose regulation) |
| reproduce | organisms pass on their genetic info to the next generation |
| growth | a part of development recognized by an increase in size and often the number of cells |
| development | indicates all the changes that occur from the time the egg is fertilized until death |
| DNA | the genetic info of all life |
| genes | short sequences of hereditary material that specity the instructions for a specific trait |
| mutations | minor variatons in the genes, can cause organisms to be better suited for its environment |
| evolution | the process by which a population changes over time |
| natural selection | the fundamental process of evolution where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring |
| adaptation | the evolutionary process where a population becomes better suited to its habitat over generations through natural selection (thick fur on polar bears) |
| domains | categories higher than kingdoms in biological classification (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya) these help show relationships and differences among living organisms |
| kingdoms | a high-level taxonomic category in biology. it groups organisms that share fundamental traits |
| supergroup | a group to classify eukaryotes based on genetic and evolutionary history rather than physical appearance |
| science | a way of knowing the natural world |
| observation | a formal way of watching the natural world |
| inductive reasoning | occurs whenever a person uses creative thinking to combine isolated facts into a cohesive whole |
| hypothesis | a testable explanation or prediction based on observations. must be specific and falsifiable (it can be proven wrong) |
| prediction | an expected outcome |
| experiment | a series of procedures to test a hypothesis |
| deductive reasoning | involves "if...then" logic - predicts what should happen if the hypothesis is true |
| experimental design | the manner in which a scientist intends to conduct an experiment |
| experimental variable | the contribution of a specific variable, the thing changed |
| responding variable | dependent variable, something happens due to the experimental variable (what you measure) |
| control group | the group not exposed to the experimental variable |
| model | scientists use model organisms and model systems to test a hypothesis |
| conclusion | scientists must analyze the data in order to reach a conclusion about whether a hypothesis is supported or not |
| principle | a term sometimes used for theories that are generally accepted by an overwhelming number of scientists |
| law | same as principle |
| placebo | a treatment that appears to be the same as that administered to the other two groups but that actually contains no medication |
| technology | the application of scientific knowlege to the interests of humans |
| climate change | the changes in the normal cycles of the Earth's climate that may be atributed to human activity |
| global warming | the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is causing a rise in temp |
| extenction | the death of a species or larger classification category |
| biodiversity | the total number and relative abundance of species, the variability of their genes, the different ecosystems in which they live |
| emerging diseases | new diseases to humans |
| branches of biology | anatomy, physiology, genetics, ecology, microbiology |
| anatomy | study of body structure |
| physiology | study of body function |
| genetics | study of heredity |
| ecology | interactions between organisms and the environment |
| microbiology | study of microscopic organisms |
| Characteristics of Life | Living things... are made up of cells, use energy, respond to stimuli, grow and develop, maintain homeostasis, reproduce, have an evolutionary history |
| Ex of Living things are made of cells | cells are the building blocks of life (skin) |
| Ex of Living things use energy | organisms require a constant input of power - derived from sunlight or food - to fuel the chemical reactions necessary to stay alive, grow, repair damage, and move (photosynthesis and eating food) |
| Ex of living things respond to stimuli | organisms detect and react to changes in their internal or external environment (being frightened) |
| Ex of living things grow and develop | change form over time (chick to chicken) |
| Ex of living things maintain homeostasis | keep a stable environment (shiver, fever) |
| Ex of living things have an evolutionary history | adapted or descended from common ancestors (grandparents) |
| what is cell theory | All organisms are made up of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells |
| Who came up with the cell theory | Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow |
| Levels of organization from smallest to largest | Atom, Molecule, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Species, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere(complexity increases at each level) |
| Atom | smallest fundamental unit that joins together to form molecules |
| Cell | smallest structural unit of an orgamism (some are prokaryotic and some are eukaryotic) |
| tissue | group of cells that perform a specific function (muscle tissue) |
| organ | composed of several tissues (heart, liver, kidneys, skin) |
| organ system | a group of organs (muscular system) |
| organism | an individual containing organ systems |
| Anabolism... | builds molecules (DNA replication) |
| Catabolism... | breaks down molecules (digestion, cellular respiration) |
| ATP | the usable energy source of cells |
| Difference between negative and positive feedback in Homeostasis | Negative reverses changes to maintain balance (sweating to cool the body) and Positive amplifies a response (childbirth contractions and blood clotting) |
| Bacteria domain | formerly Eubacteria kingdom, includes common bacteria |
| Archaea domain | formerly Archaebacteria kingdom, includes ancient microorgamisms |
| Eukarya domain | includes plants, animals, fungi, and protists |
| Plantae | all multicellular plants - established in 1735 by Carl Linnaeus |
| Animalia | all multicellular animals - established in 1735 by Carl Linnaeus |
| Know this - Carl Linnaeus's system was the foundation of biological classification, but scientists later found this system too simple for life forms | |
| Protista Kingdom | all single-celled organisms not fitting into plants or animals (amoeba) - Ernest Haeckel introduced it in 1866. |
| Bacteria Kingdom | In early 1900s, scientists discovered bacteria differ greatly from other ptotists - bacteria lack a nucleus |
| Fungi Kingdom | molds and mushrooms that help decompose dead organisms - in 1969 Robert Whitaker proposed this kingdom |
| Eukaryotic | cells that have nucleus |
| Prokaryotic | cells that have no nucleus |
| Scientific method | the method helps scientists ask questions, test ideas, and find reliable answers. this is how scientists study the natural world |
| Steps of the scientific method | making observations, formulating a hypothesis, designing an experiment to test hypothesis, collecting/analyzing data, drawing conclusions from results, peer review and scientific communication |
| Independent variable | the factor you change or manipulate in an experiment (x axis) |
| Dependent variable | the factor you measure/observe as a response (y axis) |
| Constant (controlled) variable | what you keep the same |
| Experimental group | recieves the specific treatment or variable being tested |
| Control group | does not receive the test variable and serves as a baseline for comparison |
| inductive reasoning | helps combing specific observations into a broader hypothesis (process where you take specific observations and use them to form a broad, generalized conclusion) |
| Why do scientists submit their findings to journals? | for peer review by other experts. peer review ensures the research is valid, reliable, and free from errors (sharing results allows the scientific community to build on knwolege collectively) |
| scientific bias | any systematic error or unfair learning that skews research results and distorts objective truth. |
| Ex of scientific bias | A researcher focuses only on data that supports their hypothesis, while ignoring contridictary evidence. There's the objective facts, what you believe, and then the data you actually record. |
| Why is experimental design important | to test multiple variables efficiently, uncover hidden factor interations, and make reliable decisions |
| How are science and technology are related and how they work together (potential essay question so know this one) | Science explores the principles of the natural world, while technology applies scientific knowlege to meet society's needs. Together, they help us understand and solve global challenges |
| Loss of biodiversity and habitats | Biodiversity is the variety of life on earth, protecting biodiversity is crucial for maintaining ecological balance. Habitats are being destroyed by human activities, loss of habitats leads to species extenction and weakens ecosystems |
| Difference between emerging and reemerging diseases | Emerging diseases are completely new to humans and there has not been previous exposure - something we've never heard of. Reemerging diseases are known to humans and have caused known destruction (COVID 19) |
Created by:
user-1777988