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AP PSYCH MODULE !
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Psychology | the scientific study of the behavior and mental processes of humans and other animals |
| Why does Psych use the tools of science? | describe, explain, predict, and control behavior and mental processes |
| The "rat is always right" | facts speak for themselves --> researchers have to accept the results of the study even if the hypothesis has been proven wrong |
| Empiricism | the idea that knowledge is the result of experience and that scientific knowledge is developed through observation and experimentation |
| Structuralism | identifying the elements of thought and mind (structures) |
| Introspection | the process of looking inward to directly observe one's own psychological processes |
| Charles Darwin | natural selection of mental and physical traits, adaptive evolution --> influenced William James |
| William James | introduced fundamentalism (assumes a purpose) --> first American psychologist |
| Behaviorism | observable and measurable |
| Sigmund Freud | developed an influential treatment process --> psychoanalysis personality theory |
| Freudian (or psychoanalytic) psychology | unconscious forces and childhood experiences affect our behavior and mental processes |
| Humanism | "Third force" in psychology, rejected both behaviorism and psychoanalytic psychology --> the study of potential and personal growth |
| Abraham Maslow + Carl Rogers | humans strive to reach their full potential, unconditional love, personal growth |
| Nature | behaviors and mental processes occur because they are inborn or innate |
| Nuture | behaviors and mental processes occur as a result of experience or the environment |
| Culture | the shared ideas, values, behaviors, and traditions shared by a group of people and passed from one generation to the next |
| Culture Impacts | perception of time + promptness, ideal personal space, beliefs about marriage and sex, emotional display |
| Positive Psychology | the scientific study of human flourishing --> goal of discovering + promoting human strengths and virtues |
| Biological Perspective | how biological (genetics, neural, hormonal) and physiological processes impact behavior and mental processes |
| Cognitive Perspective | how interpretations of situations and mental processes (thought, memories, problem-solving) impact behavior and mental processes |
| Biopsychosocial Model | understanding behavior or mental processes from 3 key viewpoints --> biological, psychological, social-cultural |
| Counseling Psychologist | help people cope with adjustments and crises --> challenges related to work, school, family, relationships |
| Clinical Psychologist | asses + treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders |
| Psychiatrist | may prescribe drugs to treat the physiological causes of psychological disorders |
| Cognitive Psychologist | study human thinking |
| Developmental Psychologist | study how our behavior changes as we age --> school or day care |
| Educational Psychologist | study how we learn in different environments and different ways |
| School Psychologist | work with kids in school dealing with problems that may negatively impact learning |
| Experimental Psychologist | conduct experiments to understand our behaviors and mental processes |
| Social Psychologist | study how we interact with others and how groups impact us individually |
| Forensic Psychologist | bring law and psych together |
| Environmental Psychologist | study how we are influenced and affected by our natural or built (urban) surroundings |
| I/O Psychologist | study the relationship between people and our work environments --> worker productivity, etc |
| Neuropsychologist | study how our brain impacts our behavior and thoughts |
| Sports Psychologist | work with athletes to help improve their performance |
| Human Factors Psychologist | design optimal work environments, optimize person-machine interactions, develop systems technologies |
| Therapists: Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) | works with individuals |
| Therapists: Licensed Marriage + Family Therapist (LMFT) | works with children, couples, and families |
| Therapists: Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) | works with individuals or families in community settings |
| New Subfields in Psych: Neuroscience | study of how the brain supports mental processes |
| New Subfields in Psych: Developmental Psychopatholgy | study of the impact of adverse experiences on the development of mind/brain |
| New Subfields in Psych: Interpersonal Neurobiology | study of how our behaviors influence the emotions, biology, and mindsets of those around us |
Created by:
lilli.spears1