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9 - World History

Unit 1 Terms (Absolutism and Enlightenment)

TermDefinition
Divine Right of Kings absolute monarchs believed that they were chosen by God
Absolutism Kings rule with complete authority
King Louis XIV Insisted on complete control of the French government; Removed nobles from the Royal Council; Increased military size.
Versailles home to the King of France; paid for with taxes from French citizens
Peter the Great Czar of Russia; wanted to modernize Russia; captured land from Sweden; built St. Petersburg; divided Russia into provinces
Barons the go between kings and the people
English Civil War barons not happy about the king and started a rebellion; ended Divine Right; first constitutional Monarchy
King John Terrible Leader of England; lost the war with France; treated the church poorly
Charles I problems with Parliament; Parliament made him sign the Petition of Rights; civil war with Parliament
Roundheads supported Parliament, won the war vs King Charles I
Cavaliers Supported Charles I not Parliament
Oliver Cromwell becomes a dictator with strict religious rules and harsh punishments; died 1658
“Restoration” time period in England that brought back the monarchy
Charles II became king in 1660; worked well with Parliament
James II Catholic who punished protestants; Parliament not happy; he fled to France worried about his safety
William and Mary of Orange became King & Queen; they were forced to agree to the English Bill of Rights
Glorius Revolution time period when England became a Constitutional Monarchy
English Bill of Rights document that turned England into a Constitutional Monarchy
Magna Carta first document to limit the power of monarchs; 3 keys things: Trial by jury; due process of law; protection of an individual’s life, liberty, and property
The Enlightenment time period when Europeans used reason to explain the world; Age of Reason; Scientific Method, Absolute Monarchies, War
Natural Rights Life, Liberty and property
Constitutional Monarchy a system of government where the power of the king or queen was limited by law and shared with Parliament
Separation of Powers a government's state power must be divided into three distinct, independent branches—the legislative, executive, and judicial—to prevent tyranny and protect individual liberty.
Popular Sovereignty the political belief that a government is created by and subject to the will of the people
Thomas Hobbes’ “Leviathan” main idea: : Advocate of Absolute Monarchies; believed human beings needed a strong ruler to prevent chaos; evolved into present day world leaders.
Montesquieu’s “The Spirit of the Laws” main idea: separation of Powers; uses checks and balances; prevents tyranny; ensure fairness and equality
John Locke’s “Second Treatise of Government” main idea Life, Liberty and property; government should protect those rights; if not, people should challenge the government
Rousseau’s “The Social Contract” main idea: an agreement among social members of society to cooperate for the common good.
Created by: SummitHS
 

 



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