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earth science 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Renewable energy resources | solar, wind, water |
| erosion | natural process of wind, rain, water, ice or gravity moving soil rock and dirt from one place to another |
| Hot Spots | volcanic area fed by a very hot mantle rising from deep inside earth |
| Movement of an island away from hot spot | islands are older the farther away they are from hot spot |
| Carbon-14 | radioactive isotope that dates the age of an organism |
| weathering | breakdown of rocks and minerals on earths surface due to weather |
| constructive process | divergent plates seperating and magma coming up and creating new rock |
| destructive process | subductive zones where plates move under the other and get destroyed |
| Volcanos can be both constructie and destructive | spew out new lava and harden into new rock (constructive) spew out hot magma that can destroy (destructive) |
| Bowens reaction chart | shows temperature when specific minerals crystallize from magma or melt into liquid |
| extrusive igneous rocks | form from lava, SMALL OR NO CRYSTALS, form on surface of earth when volcano erupts and magma cools BASALT, OBSIDIAN |
| intrusive igneous rocks | form when hot magma cools and forms a solid DEEP INSIDE EARTH, slow cooling, LARGE CRYSTALS, GRANITE |
| Albedo | reflectivity of surface (Ice has high albedo and as it melts it lowers the reflectivity and absorbs more) |
| hazard preventions | levees and dams to control flooding restore wetlands to absorb heavy rain permeable pavement that absorbs water |
| permeability | how easily water can flow through porous materials like rocks |
| urbanization | humans coming in and paving, laying concrete and building over areas of nature like parks and reserves |
| effects of urbanization on hydrosphere | replaces natural ground and trees/plants with impermeable paving and concrete which accelerates runoff, flooding, plants can no longer absorb the rain, |
| effects of urbanization on atmosphere | emit greenhouse gases from cars and pollution, trapping heat in asphalt and concrete making cities hotter, factories releasing chemicals |
| effects of urbanization on geosphere | heavy machines crush soil, traps rain beneath impermeable surface which accelerates land erosion, disrupts groundwater recharge, aquifers dont receive water underground to recharge |
| Aquifer | underwater layers of permeable rock or sand that store and transmit groundwater |
| Corilois Effect | curving of global winds and ocean currents caused by the Earth's tilt |
| Bermuda High | area of high pressure sits over Atlantic Ocean and determines the track of hurricanes and when it moves west during summer it brings us humid moist air and moves east during winter |
| Age of rocks/areas nearest a ridge | everything near a ridge is the YOUNGEST |
| rate of seafloor spreading | found on reference table on tectonic plates page |
| mitigate | make a problem less severe |
| what is most important thing to influence nuclear reactions in stars? | MASS and Stage in lifetime |
| how does carbonic acid (formed from rain and CO2) affect living organisms in ocean? | release chemical called carbonic acid which forms calcium carbonate in oceans and this prevents organisms from forming shells and kills coral |
| dissolution | chemical weathering process of solid minerals and rocks breaking down into liquid solvent and releasing ions |
| name of rock underground formed from calcium carbonate | limestone |
| Ocean acidification | when excessive CO2 dissolves into seawater lowering the PH and endangering marine life and shell formation |
| rainwater and CO2 dissolve to form what? | carbonic acid which then forms carbonic rock layers |
| Polar vortex and jet stream | area of cold low pressure over north pole, when it weakens it forces the polar jet stream to weaken and move south pushing cold air south. US will get colder |
| low pressure system | winds rush in and warm air rises causing precipitation and clouds |
| high pressure system | cool dense air sinks down, clear bright and sunny skies and less wind and clear night skies |
| Cp | continental polar (cool and dry) |
| Mt | maritime tropical, moist and warm |
| elements heavier than iron are usually formed | during the destruction of massive stars |
| how do aerosols ejected from volcanos affect energy flow into and out of earth | block energy from entering and leaving |
| continental crust vs oceanic crust | continental-forms dry land and is thick, light and old (silica, felsic, quartz) oceanic-lies beneath oceans and is think, heavy and constantly recycled (pyroxine, olivine, |
| where does new rock form? | at ridges (closest to ridge the younger) |
| where does old rock destroy itself? | at subduction zones (closest to subduction zone is oldest) |
| basalt | extrusive igneous rock formed from cooling of lava, makes up 90% of all volcanic rock on earth |
Created by:
vstewart