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Earth Science

QuestionAnswer
eccentricity how much an orbit changes from a true circle.
eccentricity numbers 0 means perfect circle, values closer to 1 mean longer oval shapes (more eccentric)
Kepler's 3 Laws -Planets move in ellipses (not perfect circles) around Sun -Planets move FASTER when closer to the Sun, Slower when farther away -Planets FARTHEST from sun take LONGER to complete an orbit
obliquity tilt of the Earth's axis , currently 23.49
earth's obliquity/tilt forecast in future in about 10,000 = 22.1 tilt (less than curent) Winter's = more mild/warmer Summers= cooler (more ice formation)
convection transfer of heat through movement of fluids or gases
salinity amount of salt in water... more salt = higher density
when glaciers melt and fresh water is added to ocean makes currents less dense - slows down currents and weakens them
reflection of sun vs. absorption light surfaces (snow) reflect the sun dark surfaces (dirt) absorb the sun
what is main greenhouse gas emitted into air? CO2 (carbon dioxide) from cars, burning coal, Combustion - burning things and releasing CO2 in air
Carbon Cycle Atmosphere - holds carbon as CO2, living things release Carbon when breathing Biosphere - plants absorb CO2 through photosynthesis Oceans- CO2 dissolves into oceans and then its released Geosphere - traps CO2 in rocks and limestone
Big Bang Theory theory of how universe is continuously expanding
Low mass stars burn fuel very slowly, live for billions of years
high mass stars burn fuel fast, live short lives
Stellar nucleosynthesis high heat and pressure in stars smash small nuclei and build heavier elements
which two elements begin nucleosynthesis in stars hydrogen fuses into helium
which is final element fused and formed before a star collapses? Iron
Sunspots - 11 year cycle -regions of cooler temperatures on surface of Earth sun - decrease in sunspots = decrease in Earth's temperatures
Recessional Velocity speed at which a galaxy moves AWAY from us due to expansion
redshift stretching of light waves as a galaxy expands
Hubble's Law galaxies move away from earth at speeds proportional to their distance
Age of Earth 4.6 billion years old
Radioactive Elements used for Radiometric Dating of Earth Examples are Uranium and Carbon, their half life measure how long takes to turn from parent to daughter isotope, helping us to determine the age of the Earth
mid ocean RIDGE where hot molten rock surfaces from Mantle, pushes through
ocean trench form at subduction zones, one plate slides beneath the other
subduction one plate moves under another and sinks into earth's mantle
economic benefits less money (lower costs)
evaporation process of liquid changing into a gas
condensation process of gas turning into a liquid
what are effects from saltwater intrusion? less timber (trees/ghost forests) damages soil ruins drinking water
subsidence sinking or settling of earth's surface
temporal scale how long something takes to happen
Created by: vstewart
 

 



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