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Ch 4 med term vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| organism | highest level of organization |
| anatomical position | a body posture used among anatomists and clinicians as a position of reference to ensure uniformity and consistency |
| plane | an imaginary flat surface that divides the body into two sections |
| coronal (frontal) plane | divides the body into anterior and posterior section |
| transverse (horizontal) plane | divides the body into top and bottom sections |
| midsagittal plane | runs through t the center of the body, dividing the body into left and right halves |
| abduction | movement away from the midsagittal (median) plane of the body or one of its parts |
| adduction | movement towards the midline plane of the body or structure |
| medial | pertaining to the midline of the body or structure |
| lateral | pertaining to a side |
| superior (cephalad) | toward the head or upper portion of a structure |
| inferior (caudal) | away from the head, or toward the tail or lower part of the structure |
| proximal | nearer to the center (trunk of the body) or to the point of attachment to the body |
| distal | further from the center (trunk of the body) or from the point of attachment to the body |
| anterior / ventral (cavity) | located on the front of the body |
| posterior / dorsal (cavity) | located on the back of the body |
| parietal | pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity |
| visceral | pertaining to the visceral, or internal organs, especially to the abdominal organs |
| prone | lying on the abdomen, face down |
| supine | lying horizontally on the back, face up |
| inversion | turning inward or inside out |
| eversion | turning outward |
| palmar | pertaining to the palm of the hand |
| plantar | pertaining to the sole of the foot |
| superficial | toward the surface of the body (external) |
| deep | away from the surface of the body (internal) |
| cranial cavity | contains the skull and brain |
| spinal cavity | contains the backbone (spine) and the spinal cord |
| meninges | the membranes lining the cavities; also cover the brain and spinal cord |
| diaphragm | a muscular wall found separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic |
| abdominal cavity contains | the liver, stomach, intestines, and kidneys |
| pelvic cavity | contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs |
| quadrants | two imaginary lines forming a cross in the midsection of the lower torso |
| right upper quadrant | right lobe of the liver, gallbladder, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large intestines |
| left upper quadrant | left lobe of the liver, stomach, spleen, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large intestine |
| right lower quadrant | part of the small and large intestines, appendix, the right ovary, the right fallopian tube, and the right ureter |
| left lower quadrant | parts of the small and large intestines, the left ovary, the left fallopian tune, and the left ureter |
| abdominopelvic regions | identify the location of the underlying body structures and visceral organs |
| right hypochondriac | upper right lateral region beneath the ribs |
| epigastric | upper middle region |
| left chondriac | upper left lateral region beneath the ribs |
| right lumbar | middle right lateral region |
| umbilical | region of the navel |
| left lumbar | middle left lateral region |
| hypogastric | lower middle region |
| left inguinal (iliac) | lower left lateral region |
| right inguinal (iliac) | lower right lateral region |
| cells | smallest structural and functional unit of life |
| cytology | study of the body at the cellular level |
| cell membrane | a barrier supporting and protecting the intracellular contents |
| cytoplasm | a jellylike matrix of proteins, salt, water, and dissolved gases and nutrients |
| organelles | perform specific functions of the cell |
| nucleus | responsible for growth, metabolism and reproductions; carries the genetic blueprint of the organisms |
| chromosome | carries thousands of genes making up our genetic blueprint |
| histology | study of tissues |
| epithelial tissue | covers surface organs, lines cavities and canalas, forms tubes and ducts; provides that secreting portions of glands and the epidermis of the skin |
| epidermis | outer layer |
| connective tissues | supports and connects other body tissues ex. cartilage, adipose (fat), bone, elastic fiber, and blood |
| muscle tissue | provides contractile tissue for the body, responsible for movement |
| nervous tissue | transits electrical impulses as it relays information throughout the entire body |
| organs | body structures performing specialized functions; composed of two or more tissue types |
| body system | composed of varying number of organs and structures that have similar or related functions |
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