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26 notitas
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Formed from the sacral plexus by the S2, S3 and. S4 nerve roots | Pudental nerves |
| Carries both sensory and motor fibers, innervates the genitalia and the pelvic floor musculature? | Pudental nerves |
| Somatic sensory and motor innervation to the genitals and the pelvic floor musculature, including levator ani muscle and external anal urethra sphincter? | Pudental nerves |
| Distal termination of the spinal cord can cause saddle anesthesia, overflow incontinence, weakness or paralysis of the bilateral lower extremities? | Conus medullaris |
| Arise from roots T11-L4, sympathetic innervation to portions of reproductive organs | Hypogastric nerves |
| Responsible for emission of semen into the posterior urethra which is the stage of make ejaculation? | Hypogastric nerves |
| Enteric nervous system between inner and outer layers of the muscularis externa | Myenteric plexus |
| Absence of the plexus is responsible for Hirshsprung disease a congenital failure in the distal development of the? | Myenteric plexus leads to bowel obstruction |
| Innervation to the rectum, bladder, and the genitalia, injury of the nerves causes loss of function of bladder and bowel under viscera? | Pelvic nerves |
| Malignant plasma cell neoplasm presents with fatigue, weight loss, bone pain, hepatosplenomegaly, immune deficiency, anemia, hypercalcemia, renal dysfunction, hypergammaglobulinemia, lytic bone lesions. | Multiple myeloma |
| Function by inducing apoptosis of neoplastic plasma cells as misfolded proteins, induction of chemotherapy should be monitored by tumor lysis syndrome | Proteasome inhibitors |
| Proteasome inhibitor chemotherapeutic agents such as bortezomib, causes | Toxic accumulation of intracellular proteins and APOPTOTIC factors |
| Proteasome inhibitors moa? | Cytotoxic effects by decreasing protein degradation |
| Chemotherapeutic agents cyclophosphamide, melphalan, and platinum based agents function by | Cross linking DNA, leading to increased genomic instability and induction of apoptosis |
| Pelvic parasympathetic nerves in the pelvic nerve plexus function to contract the bladder via? | Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors |
| The sympathetic pelvic nerves control the function of the internal urethral sphincter relaxation via? | Alpha-1 Adrenergic receptors leading to normal urination. |
| Damage to the pelvic nerve plexus can affect | Both bladder contraction and internal urethral sphincter relaxation leading to OVERFLOW incontinence |
| Sympathetic fibers that release NE and results in relaxation of the DETRUSOR muscle and contraction of the urethral smooth muscle | Hypogastric nerve (total incontinence) |
| Blocks the presynaptic reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and NE which increases concentration in the synaptic cleft | Cocaine |
| Causes euphoria, restlessness, increased sympathetic tone (tachycardia, hypertension, pupillary dilation) | Cocaine |
| Results from endogenous glutamate binding to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the brain | Agonist action at ligand gated Ca channels |
| Acute Confusional state associated with acute medical illness in older patients. | Delirium |
| Cognitive decline following a cerebral stroke(infarct). | Vascular dementia |
| Pick disease also known as | Frontotemporal dementia develops in the 50s |
| Presents with HTN, metabolic alkalosis, increased aldosterone renin ratio due to independent secretion of aldosterone, associated to adrenal adenoma or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia | Primary hyperaldosteronism |
| Innate system initial response to body tissue injury and infection, released by mast cells and basophils. Leads to development of erythema(rubor) and edema (tumor). | Histamine stimulated vasodilation |
| Familial hypercholesterolemia is caused by mutations in the | LDL receptor gene, mutation of PCSK9 or APoB genes, decreased cholesterol in liver and increase serum cholesterol |
| Loss of bone mineralization and bone matrix with a normal mineral to matrix ratio is seen in | Osteoporosis |
| Characterized by progressive loss of bone mineral density leading to decreased bone strength | Osteoporosis |
| Subarticular bone plate exposure and hyperactive bone formation | Osteoarthritis secondary to deterioration of articular cartilage |
| Monosodium irate crystal precipitation and synovial inflammation is characteristic of | Gout |
Created by:
Lillithys